Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology in patients undergoing general anesthesia during perioperative period: a randomized controlled trial

Tan, Chao; Yan, Shiting; Shen, Jie; Wu, Hao; Yu, Leyang; Wang, Ying; Tian, Shunping; Zhou, Wei; Wu, Yong; Zhang, Zhuan

doi:10.1186/s12871-022-01811-5

Table 4 Comparison of ECG indicators in the four groups

From: Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology in patients undergoing general anesthesia during perioperative period: a randomized controlled trial

		GroupD₁ (n = 16)	GroupD₂ (n = 18)	GroupD₃ (n = 18)	GroupC (n = 17)	P^a	P^b	P^c	P^d	P^e	P^f
PR (ms)	T₁	147.4 ± 17.5	154.7 ± 15.6	149.2 ± 17.9	149.9 ± 17.9	0.223	0.763	0.678	0.342	0.415	0.903
	T₂	170.6 ± 12.0	171.4 ± 14.5	158.0 ± 19.6	149.6 ± 19.2	0.878	0.032	0.001	0.019	< 0.001	0.141
	T₆	164.6 ± 18.5	163.7 ± 13.4	161.4 ± 21.3	157.7 ± 20.3	0.888	0.621	0.290	0.715	0.343	0.555
	T₇	161.6 ± 18.6	165.9 ± 17.4	162.1 ± 23.2	156.4 ± 18.1	0.515	0.942	0.446	0.552	0.151	0.390
	T₈	154.9 ± 13.5	150.0 ± 16.1	152.7 ± 19.9	157.9 ± 16.3	0.393	0.701	0.608	0.627	0.165	0.359
	T₉	147.1 ± 18.9	150.0 ± 13.9	143.8 ± 21.1	155.1 ± 19.5	0.646	0.614	0.220	0.322	0.423	0.078
	T₁₀	146.1 ± 17.1	148.2 ± 14.1	141.6 ± 15.7	150.9 ± 19.5	0.707	0.439	0.403	0.238	0.631	0.102
	T₁₁	145.8 ± 16.6	148.7 ± 15.6	145.6 ± 17.1	150.9 ± 17.3	0.619	0.964	0.385	0.577	0.695	0.348
	P_T1-2	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.007	> 0.99
	P_T1-6	< 0.001	0.153	0.007	0.523
	P_T1-7	0.009	0.059	0.014	> 0.99
	P_T1-8	0.801	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.465
	P_T1-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-10	> 0.99	0.052	0.008	> 0.99
	P_T1-11	> 0.99	0.696	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-6	> 0.99	0.160	> 0.99	0.134
	P_T2-7	0.219	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-8	< 0.001	< 0.001	> 0.99	0.364
	P_T2-9	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	> 0.99
	P_T2-10	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	> 0.99
	P_T2-11	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004	> 0.99
QRS (ms)	T₁	88.5 ± 7.9	88.6 ± 10.5	86.2 ± 9.8	84.0 ± 9.4	0.973	0.477	0.179	0.973	0.443	0.156
	T₂	89.3 ± 10.6	87.7 ± 10.9	87.5 ± 12.1	84.2 ± 8.4	0.666	0.634	0.175	0.963	0.335	0.359
	T₆	88.9 ± 9.7	87.3 ± 8.9	84.7 ± 10.7	84.5 ± 8.4	0.632	0.216	0.196	0.432	0.395	0.940
	T₇	90.3 ± 9.6	88.7 ± 9.0	85.4 ± 9.5	85.1 ± 7.2	0.617	0.128	0.113	0.288	0.257	0.931
	T₈	90.1 ± 10.5	88.4 ± 11.8	86.2 ± 9.2	85.4 ± 8.6	0.973	0.476	0.353	0.484	0.356	0.814
	T₉	87.6 ± 7.7	87.7 ± 10.3	84.5 ± 9.2	84.6 ± 8.1	0.989	0.313	0.333	0.292	0.313	0.977
	T₁₀	87.3 ± 8.5	87.7 ± 9.8	82.7 ± 7.9	86.6 ± 7.7	0.891	0.127	0.826	0.088	0.714	0.184
	T₁₁	87.2 ± 6.6	85.9 ± 8.7	84.9 ± 9.8	85.8 ± 8.5	0.673	0.437	0.634	0.712	0.951	0.763
	P_T1-2	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.830	> 0.99
	P_T1-11	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.247	> 0.99
	P_T2-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.061	> 0.99
	P_T2-11	> 0.99	0.804	> 0.99	> 0.99
QTc (ms)	T₁	413.8 ± 11.1	414.4 ± 12.2	416.2 ± 14.7	409.2 ± 15.5	0.882	0.605	0.341	0.703	0.259	0.134
	T₂	427.0 ± 11.7	425.2 ± 12.6	408.1 ± 17.3	410.0 ± 14.9	0.719	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.690
	T₆	429.9 ± 9.5	423.8 ± 10.1	419.6 ± 21.0	424.5 ± 14.3	0.228	0.044	0.292	0.389	0.888	0.323
	T₇	428.7 ± 11.0	419.1 ± 13.9	413.3 ± 15.3	422.2 ± 9.0	0.031	0.001	0.148	0.171	0.468	0.040
	T₈	419.2 ± 9.2	419.0 ± 13.4	413.0 ± 14.7	422.8 ± 10.6	0.965	0.147	0.398	0.148	0.361	0.021
	T₉	418.0 ± 12.5	411.2 ± 16.2	405.7 ± 14.8	411.4 ± 13.9	0.174	0.016	0.192	0.258	0.970	0.250
	T₁₀	413.8 ± 8.8	410.1 ± 12.7	404.0 ± 12.9	410.2 ± 15.0	0.397	0.027	0.419	0.151	0.977	0.149
	T₁₁	408.1 ± 15.0	411.3 ± 13.3	412.1 ± 17.7	407.4 ± 16.5	0.554	0.457	0.897	0.874	0.464	0.375
	P_T1-2	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.039	> 0.99
	P_T1-6	< 0.001	0.023	> 0.99	< 0.001
	P_T1-7	< 0.001	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.002
	P_T1-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.004
	P_T1-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.068	> 0.99
	P_T1-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.005	> 0.99
	P_T1-11	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.001	< 0.001
	P_T2-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.014
	P_T2-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.025
	P_T2-9	0.727	0.010	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-10	0.019	0.001	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-11	0.001	0.019	> 0.99	> 0.99
Tp-e (ms)	T₁	84.3 ± 13.2	81.7 ± 8.0	79.6 ± 8.8	82.5 ± 10.3	0.462	0.183	0.629	0.535	0.803	0.390
	T₂	87.3 ± 14.7	82.1 ± 6.9	82.2 ± 7.7	81.9 ± 10.5	0.149	0.158	0.141	0.974	0.961	0.936
	T₆	85.5 ± 9.6	83.8 ± 8.7	82.2 ± 9.1	85.9 ± 9.5	0.588	0.296	0.906	0.602	0.502	0.237
	T₇	85.9 ± 8.7	83.4 ± 8.7	79.7 ± 8.0	84.2 ± 7.3	0.380	0.032	0.567	0.183	0.761	0.108
	T₈	91.9 ± 11.0	87.4 ± 8.9	75.4 ± 10.0	82.5 ± 8.4	0.179	< 0.001	0.007	< 0.001	0.140	0.032
	T₉	87.1 ± 11.2	85.3 ± 9.7	76.6 ± 8.8	81.2 ± 7.0	0.578	0.002	0.076	0.007	0.203	0.146
	T₁₀	83.1 ± 10.8	82.6 ± 5.9	77.5 ± 7.5	81.9 ± 7.2	0.853	0.056	0.671	0.061	0.803	0.108
	T₁₁	81.9 ± 9.2	78.9 ± 8.8	81.8 ± 10.1	80.5 ± 8.2	0.344	0.975	0.673	0.345	0.596	0.687
	P_T1-2	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-8	0.160	0.733	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-11	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.222	> 0.99
	P_T2-9	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.666	> 0.99
	P_T2-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.358	> 0.99
	P_T2-11	0.115	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
iCEB	T₁	4.40 ± 0.48	4.51 ± 0.62	4.69 ± 0.69	4.70 ± 0.58	0.599	0.172	0.164	0.383	0.365	0.964
	T₂	4.85 ± 0.67	4.96 ± 0.69	4.83 ± 0.85	4.70 ± 0.57	0.666	0.936	0.537	0.598	0.284	0.579
	T₆	4.92 ± 0.62	4.97 ± 0.55	5.13 ± 0.64	5.22 ± 0.55	0.807	0.312	0.149	0.428	0.214	0.641
	T₇	4.81 ± 0.53	4.82 ± 0.51	4.96 ± 0.60	5.04 ± 0.38	0.962	0.426	0.219	0.440	0.223	0.643
	T₈	4.75 ± 0.54	4.87 ± 0.68	4.48 ± 0.61	4.93 ± 0.46	0.980	0.047	0.807	0.043	0.782	0.024
	T₉	4.59 ± 0.50	4.70 ± 0.64	4.58 ± 0.62	4.78 ± 0.59	0.587	0.983	0.364	0.560	0.701	0.339
	T₁₀	4.47 ± 0.54	4.51 ± 0.53	4.73 ± 0.57	4.48 ± 0.44	0.819	0.160	0.988	0.224	0.829	0.158
	T₁₁	4.57 ± 0.39	4.69 ± 0.51	4.69 ± 0.60	4.60 ± 0.49	0.503	0.499	0.866	0.995	0.611	0.607
	P_T1-2	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.876	> 0.99
	P_T1-6	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	P_T1-7	0.001	0.022	0.095	0.011
	P_T1-8	< 0.001	0.010	0.968	0.624
	P_T1-9	0.989	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T1-10	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.875
	P_T1-11	> 0.99	0.849	> 0.99	> 0.99
	P_T2-6	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.038	< 0.001
	P_T2-7	> 0.99	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.044
	P_T2-8	> 0.99	> 0.99	0.031	0.947
	P_T2-9	0.317	0.253	0.319	> 0.99
	P_T2-10	0.008	0.001	> 0.99	0.647
	P_T2-11	0.331	0.304	> 0.99	> 0.99

Data are expressed as mean ± SD
ECG Electrocardiogram, QTc Corrected QT, Tp-e Interval between the peak and the end of the electrocardiographic T wave, iCEB index of cardiac electrophysiological balance, T₁ before infusion of dexmedetomidine, T₂ dexmedetomidine loading dose finish, T₆ surgery ending, T₇ 1 h after transferring to PACU, T₈ 24 h postoperatively, T₉ 48 h postoperatively, T₁₀ 72 h postoperatively, T₁₁ 1 month postoperatively
P_T1-2, P_T1-6, P_T1-7, P_T1-8, P_T1-9, P_T1-10, P_T1-11 for comparisons between T₁ and T₂, T₆, T₇ T₈, T₉, T₁₀, T₁₁; P_T2-6, P_T2-7, P_T2-8, P_T2-9, P_T2-10, P_T2-11 for comparisons between T₂ and T₆, T₇, T₈, T₉, T₁₀, T₁₁; P^a, P^b, P^c, P^d, P^e and P^f for comparisons between groups D₁ and D₂, groups D₁ and D₃, groups D₁ and C, groups D₂ and D₃, groups D₂ and C, and groups D₃ and C, respectively

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