Characteristics | Oxycodone group (n = 184) | Hydromorphone group (n = 186) | Sufentanil group (n = 184) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of surgery, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.693 |
Lobectomy | 85(46.2) | 83(44.6) | 75(40.8) | Â |
Segmentectomy | 47(25.5) | 55(29.6) | 59(32.1) | Â |
Wedge resection | 52(28.3) | 48(25.8) | 50(27.2) | Â |
Single-port thoracoscopy, no. (%) | 59(32.1) | 53(28.5) | 60(32.6) | 0.649 |
Malignant lesion, no. (%) | 131(71.2) | 144(77.4) | 144(78.3) | 0.226 |
Duration of surgery, min, median (IQR) | 91(64,122) | 88(70,114) | 90(70,117) | 0.878 |
Anesthesia maintenance, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.554 |
 Volatile anesthetics | 152(82.6) | 152(81.7) | 150(81.5) |  |
 Propofol | 13(7.1) | 21(11.3) | 17(9.2) |  |
 Volatile anesthetics combined with propofol | 19(10.3) | 13(7.0) | 17(9.2) |  |
Dose of sufentanil, μg/kg, median (IQR) | 0.5(0.4,0.6) | 0.5(0.4,0.6) | 0.5(0.5,0.6) | 0.029 |
Dose of remifentanil, μg/kg/min, median (IQR) | 0.1(0.1,0.2) | 0.1(0.1,0.2) | 0.1(0.1,0.2) | 0.457 |
NSAIDs, no. (%) | 165(90.7) | 166(89.7) | 174(95.1) | 0.136 |
Antiemetic, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Tropisetron | 173(94.0) | 169(90.9) | 167(91.3) | 0.474 |
 Methylprednisolone | 167(90.8) | 164(88.2) | 159(86.4) | 0.423 |
 Dexamethasone | 1(0.5) | 5(2.7) | 2(1.1) | 0.291 |
Intercostal nerve block, no. (%) | 149(81.0) | 148(79.6) | 139(75.5) | 0.417 |
Total fluid, mL/kg/h, median (IQR) | 2.9(2.2,3.9) | 3.1(2.3,3.9) | 3.1(2.2,3.9) | 0.777 |
Pain score in PACU, median (IQR) | 1(0,2) | 1(0,2) | 1(0,2) | 0.752 |
Rescue analgesics in PACU, no. (%) | 5(2.7) | 5(2.7) | 7(3.8) | 0.778 |
PONV in PACU, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.850 |
 0 | 183(99.5) | 185(99.5) | 183(99.5) |  |
 1 | 1(0.5) | 0 | 1(0.5) |  |
 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
 3 | 0 | 1(0.5) | 0 |  |
 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |