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Table 2 Surgery and anesthesia data; pain score, rescue analgesics and PONV in the PACU

From: Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with opioids after thoracoscopic lung surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Characteristics

Oxycodone group (n = 184)

Hydromorphone group (n = 186)

Sufentanil group (n = 184)

P value

Type of surgery, no. (%)

   

0.693

Lobectomy

85(46.2)

83(44.6)

75(40.8)

 

Segmentectomy

47(25.5)

55(29.6)

59(32.1)

 

Wedge resection

52(28.3)

48(25.8)

50(27.2)

 

Single-port thoracoscopy, no. (%)

59(32.1)

53(28.5)

60(32.6)

0.649

Malignant lesion, no. (%)

131(71.2)

144(77.4)

144(78.3)

0.226

Duration of surgery, min, median (IQR)

91(64,122)

88(70,114)

90(70,117)

0.878

Anesthesia maintenance, no. (%)

   

0.554

 Volatile anesthetics

152(82.6)

152(81.7)

150(81.5)

 

 Propofol

13(7.1)

21(11.3)

17(9.2)

 

 Volatile anesthetics combined with propofol

19(10.3)

13(7.0)

17(9.2)

 

Dose of sufentanil, μg/kg, median (IQR)

0.5(0.4,0.6)

0.5(0.4,0.6)

0.5(0.5,0.6)

0.029

Dose of remifentanil, μg/kg/min, median (IQR)

0.1(0.1,0.2)

0.1(0.1,0.2)

0.1(0.1,0.2)

0.457

NSAIDs, no. (%)

165(90.7)

166(89.7)

174(95.1)

0.136

Antiemetic, no. (%)

    

 Tropisetron

173(94.0)

169(90.9)

167(91.3)

0.474

 Methylprednisolone

167(90.8)

164(88.2)

159(86.4)

0.423

 Dexamethasone

1(0.5)

5(2.7)

2(1.1)

0.291

Intercostal nerve block, no. (%)

149(81.0)

148(79.6)

139(75.5)

0.417

Total fluid, mL/kg/h, median (IQR)

2.9(2.2,3.9)

3.1(2.3,3.9)

3.1(2.2,3.9)

0.777

Pain score in PACU, median (IQR)

1(0,2)

1(0,2)

1(0,2)

0.752

Rescue analgesics in PACU, no. (%)

5(2.7)

5(2.7)

7(3.8)

0.778

PONV in PACU, no. (%)

   

0.850

 0

183(99.5)

185(99.5)

183(99.5)

 

 1

1(0.5)

0

1(0.5)

 

 2

0

0

0

 

 3

0

1(0.5)

0

 

 4

0

0

0

 
  1. Data are presented as the median (IQR) or number (%)
  2. Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, NSAIDS non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PACU Post-anesthesia care unit, PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting