Table 4 Medications. Note that vasopressors, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, tocilizumab, steroids, and prone positioning were examined at any point during hospitalization. Ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and propofol were examined at any point during traditional ICU stay for the referent cohort and at any point during Expansion ICU stay for the Expansion ICU cohort
From: Patient care in rapid-expansion intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Characteristic | Expansion, N = 66a | Referent, N = 343a | P-value* | q-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall—Medications | ||||
 Propofol | 57 (86%) | 212 (62%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Dexmedetomidine | 50 (76%) | 122 (36%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Ketamine | 7 (11%) | 10 (2.9%) | 0.011 | 0.032 |
 Vasopressors | 66 (100%) | 325 (95%) | 0.092 | 0.2 |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 1 (92%) | 298 (87%) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
 Remdesivir | 8 (12%) | 45 (13%) | 0.8 |  > 0.9 |
 Tocilizumab | 13 (20%) | 48 (14%) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
 Steroids (any route) | 50 (76%) | 227 (66%) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Overall—Prone Positioningc | 30 (45%) | 161 (47%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
Discharged—Medications | ||||
 Propofol | 46 (85%) | 143 (67%) | 0.015 | 0.044 |
 Dexmedetomidine | 45 (83%) | 90 (42%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Ketamine | 6 (11%) | 5 (2.3%) | 0.011 | 0.044 |
 Vasopressors | 54 (100%) | 201 (94%) | 0.13 | 0.3 |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 50 (93%) | 188 (88%) | 0.4 | 0.4 |
 Remdesivir | 8 (15%) | 34 (16%) | 0.8 | 0.8 |
 Tocilizumab | 2 (22%) | 32 (15%) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
 Steroids (any route) | 47 (78%) | 144 (68%) | 0.15 | 0.3 |
Discharged—Prone Positioningc | 23 (43%) | 111 (52%) | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Died—Medications | ||||
 Propofol | 11 (92%) | 69 (53%) | 0.023 | 0.2 |
 Dexmedetomidine | 5 (42%) | 32 (25%) | 0.3 | 0.9 |
 Ketamine | 1 (8.3%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0.4 |  > 0.9 |
 Vasopressors | 12 (100%) | 124 (95%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 11 (92%) | 110 (85%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Remdesivir | 0 (0%) | 11 (8.5%) | 0.6 |  > 0.9 |
 Tocilizumab | 1 (8.3%) | 16 (12%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Steroids (any route) | 8 (67%) | 83 (64%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
Died—Prone Positioningc | 7 (58%) | 50 (38%) | 0.2 | 0.9 |