Table 1 Patient Characteristics. Table 1 compares the characteristics of patients admitted into the non-traditional ICUs created in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and operating room (OR) areas (Expansion cohort) to patients that were admitted into the traditional ICUs (referent cohort) the COVID-19 pandemic peak of 2020
From: Patient care in rapid-expansion intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Characteristics | Overall N = 409 | Expansion N = 66a | Referent N = 343a | P-value* | q-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex |  |  |  | 0.8 |  > 0.9 |
 Male | 286 (70%) | 45 (68%) | 241 (70%) |  |  |
 Female | 123 (30%) | 21 (32%) | 102 (30%) |  |  |
BMI, kg/m2 (categorical) | Â | Â | Â | 0.2 | 0.5 |
 Underweight (< 18.5) | 6 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.8%) |  |  |
 Normal Weight (18.5 – 24.9) | 104 (25%) | 12 (18%) | 92 (27%) |  |  |
 Overweight (25.0 – 29.9) | 138 (34%) | 21 (32%) | 117 (34%) |  |  |
 Obese (30.0 – 39.9) | 160 (39%) | 33 (50%) | 127 (37%) |  |  |
 Morbidly Obese (≥ 40.0) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  |  |
 Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |  |
Age, years (continuous) | 66 (53, 73) | 62 (51, 70) | 67 (54, 74) | 0.045 | 0.3 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | 0.070 | 0.4 |
 Asian | 69 (17%) | 5 (7.6%) | 64 (19%) |  |  |
 Black | 35 (8.6%) | 4 (6.1%) | 31 (9.0%) |  |  |
 Latino | 108 (26%) | 26 (39%) | 82 (24%) |  |  |
 Not Specified | 55 (13%) | 7 (11%) | 48 (14%) |  |  |
 Other | 18 (4.4%) | 3 (4.5%) | 15 (4.4%) |  |  |
 White | 124 (30%) | 21 (32%) | 103 (30%) |  |  |
Comorbiditiesc |  |  |  | 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Diabetes Mellitus | 135 (33%) | 20 (30%) | 115 (34%) | 0.7 |  > 0.9 |
 Hypertension | 236 (58%) | 37 (56%) | 199 (58%) | 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 CAD | 72 (18%) | 11 (17%) | 61 (18%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Heart Failure | 27 (6.6%) | 5 (7.6%) | 22 (6.4%) | 0.8 |  > 0.9 |
 CVA | 26 (6.4%) | 6 (9.1%) | 20 (5.8%) | 0.4 | 0.7 |
 COPD | 26 (6.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 25 (7.3%) | 0.10 | 0.4 |
 Reactive Airway | 42 (10%) | 9 (14%) | 33 (9.6%) | 0.4 | 0.7 |
 Interstitial Lung Disease | 3 (0.7%) | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0.4 | 0.7 |
 Other Pulmonary Disease | 90 (22%) | 17 (26%) | 73 (21%) | 0.5 | 0.8 |
 OSA | 18 (4.4%) | 5 (7.6%) | 13 (3.8%) | 0.2 | 0.5 |
 CKD | 37 (9.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | 36 (10%) | 0.036 | 0.3 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.13 | 0.4 |
 Current smoker | 12 (2.9%) | 2 (3.0%) | 10 (2.9%) |  |  |
 Non-smoker | 297 (73%) | 54 (82%) | 243 (71%) |  |  |
 Past smoker | 100 (24%) | 10 (15%) | 90 (26%) |  |  |
Medicationsd |  |  |  |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 ACE inhibitor | 119 (29%) | 20 (30%) | 99 (29%) |  > 0.9 |  > 0.9 |
 Oral steroids | 33 (8.1%) | 3 (4.5%) | 30 (8.7%) | 0.4 | 0.7 |
 Inhaled steroids | 26 (6.4%) | 5 (7.6%) | 21 (6.1%) | 0.6 | 0.8 |
Time to Admission to ICU | Â | Â | |||
 Days | 1.6 (0.3, 4.3) | 0.3 (0.2, 3.7) | 1.9 (0.5, 4.5) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Missing | 45 | 0 | 45 |  |  |