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Table 3 Secondary Outcomes and Related Components

From: Effects of lidocaine administration via the perforated outer cuff of a dual-cuff endotracheal tube and remifentanil administration on recovery from general anaesthesia for female patients undergoing thyroidectomy: a single centre, double-blind, randomised study

Components

Group R (n = 49)

Group L (n = 49)

Z/Mean Difference/OR (95% CI)

P

Elevation of blood pressure at T2, no. (%)

3 (6.12%)

3 (6.12%)

1.00 (0.19–5.22)

1b

Elevation of blood pressure at T3, no. (%)

2 (4.08%)

1 (2.04%)

2.04 (0.18–23.29)

1b

Elevation of blood pressure at T4, no. (%)

2 (4.08%)

2 (4.08%)

1.00 (0.14–7.40)

1b

Elevation of heart rate at T2, no. (%)

13 (26.53%)

5 (10.20%)

3.18 (1.04–9.75)

0.066b

Elevation of heart rate at T3, no. (%)

16 (32.65%)

6 (12.25%)

3.48 (1.23–9.85)

0.028b

Elevation of heart rate at T4, no. (%)

6 (12.25%)

7 (14.29%)

0.84 (0.26–2.70)

1b

Time related to recovery

 Eye opening time (min), mean ± SD

8.3 ± 4.22

7.7 ± 3.05

0.6 (-0.93–2.03)

0.460c

 Consciousness recovery time (min), median (25% – 75%)

9.2 (6.07–11.79)

8.1 (6.12–10.56)

-0.94 (0.35–0.37)

0.346a

 Spontaneous respiration recovery time (min), median (25% – 75%)

12.3 (9.07–21.00)

8.9 (7.54–11.25)

-3.72 (0.00–0.0005)

 < 0.001a

 Extubation time (min), median (25% – 75%)

15.0 (11.00–22.00)

11.0 (10.00–15.00)

-2.60 (0.007–0.011)

0.009a

 Duration of PACU stay (min), mean ± SD

55.4 ± 15.71

46.4 ± 11.05

9 (3.55–14.45)

0.001c

RASS score at T2

  > 0 agitated range, no. (%)

8 (16.33%)

1 (2.04%)

0.09 (0.01–0.79)

0.012b

 0 alert and calm, no. (%)

26 (53.06%)

35 (71.43%)

2.21 (0.96–5.10)

0.095b

  < 0 sedation range, no. (%)

15 (30.61%)

13 (26.53%)

0.64 (0.26–1.58)

0.367b

 CPOT score at T2, median (25% – 75%)

1.04 ± 1.74

0.33 ± 1.14

0.71(0.12–1.31)

0.003a

 Hypoxemia occurrence at T3, no. (%)

28 (57.14%)

7(14.29%)

8 (3.00–21.32)

 < 0.001b

 Hypoxemia occurrence at T4, no. (%)

6 (12.24%)

1 (2.04%)

0.15 (0.02–1.29)

0.111b

 Grade of sedation at T3 (Grade 2/Grade 3), no. (%)

13(27%)/36(73%)

13(27%)/36(73%)

1 (0.41–2.45)

1b

 Postoperative pain at T4, no. (%)

1 (2.04%)

1 (2.04%)

1 (0.61–16.45)

1b

 Residual sedation at T4, no. (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  

 Nausea and vomiting at T4, no. (%)

4 (8.16%)

1 (2.04%)

0.23 (0.03–2.18)

0.362b

 Pharyngalgia at T4, no. (%)

15 (30.61%)

7 (14.29%)

0.38 (0.14–1.03)

0.89b

  1. Abbreviations: PACU Post-anaesthesia care unit, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, CPOT Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool, CI Confidence interval, R TCI of remifentanil, L Topical lidocaine via the perforated outer cuff, CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, SD Standard deviation, T0 One day before surgery, T2 1 min before tracheal extubation, T3 5 min after tracheal extubation, T4 20 min after tracheal extubation. Elevation of blood pressure, increase by 30% from the mean arterial pressure at T0; elevation of heart rate, increase by 30% from the heart rate at T0; hypoxemia, Spo2 less than 95%; grade of sedation: Grade 0: deeply sedated and unresponsive; Grade 1: sedated but responsive to light glabellar tap; Grade 2: sedated but responsive to normal voice; Grade 3: awake and responsive. Postoperative pain, more than 5 points on the visual analogue scale (VAS); residual sedation, less than Grade 2; nausea and vomiting, need for drugs; pharyngalgia, swallowing with more than 3 points on the VAS
  2. a Mann–Whitney U test
  3. b Fisher’s exact test
  4. c t test
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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