Table 2 Procedural data relating to the TEP in the two study groups
Conventional Group (n = 48) | Ultrasound Group (n = 48) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
1. First-pass success; | 17 (35.4) | 33 (68.8) | 0.002 |
n (%) (95% CI) | (21.9 to 49.0) | (55.6 to 81.9) | |
2. TEP successa; | 44 (91.7) | 48 (100) | 0.117 |
n (%) (95% CI) | (83.9 to 99.5) | (100 to 100) | |
3. Overall TEP failure rateb; | 5 (10.4) | 0 (0) | 0.056 |
n (%) (95% CI) | (1.77 to 19.06) | (0 to 0) | |
4. Number of skin punctures | 2 [1 to 2.25] | 1 [1 to 1] | < 0.001 |
5. Number of attempts | 3 [1 to 7.2] | 1 [1 to 2] | < 0.001 |
6. Success rate of TEP with | |||
each attempt; n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
One attempt | 17 (35.4) | 33 (68.8) | |
Two attempt | 4 (8.4) | 10 (20.8) | |
Three attempt | 5 (10.4) | 3 (6.2) | |
Four attempts | 5 (10.4) | 2 (4.2) | |
≥ Five attempts | 17 (35.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
7. Preparation time (min) | 5 [3.8 to 6] | 13.5 [11 to 15] | < 0.001 |
8. TEP time (min) | 2 [1 to 4] | 1.5 [1 to 3] | 0.190 |
9. Total procedure time (min) | 10 [7 to 14] | 15.5 [14 to 20.2] | < 0.001 |
10. Discomfort score (0–10) | 1 [0 to 5] | 0 [0 to 4.2] | 0.44 |