Table 1 Patient characteristics
All patients n = 328 | Patients with CPSP n = 49 | Patients without CPSP n = 279 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at time of surgery (y) | 54.1 ± 12.3 | 50.6 ± 11.9 | 54.7 ± 12.2 |
Sex (male) | 172 (52.4%) | 20 (40.8%) | 152 (54.5%) |
BMI (kg m− 2) | 27.8 ± 4.7 | 29.1 ± 5.9 | 27.5 ± 4.5 |
ASA-score, n (%) | |||
ASA 1 | 13 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 12 (0.7) |
ASA 2 | 242 (73.8) | 31 (63.3) | 211 (75.6) |
ASA 3 | 73 (22.3) | 17 (34.7) | 56 (20.1) |
Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 51 (15.5) | 6 (12.2) | 45 (16.1) |
Preoperative pain, n (%) | 49 (14.9) | 12 (24.5) | 37 (13.3) |
Preoperative pain medication, n (%) | |||
None | 276 (84,1) | 38 (77.6) | 238 (85.3) |
Paracetamol | 12 (3.7) | 4 (8.2) | 8 (2.9) |
NSAID | 8 (2.4) | 3 (6.1) | 5 (1.8) |
Opioid | 16 (4.9) | 3 (6.1) | 13 (4.7) |
Other | 16 (4.9) | 1 (2) | 15 (5.4) |
Psychological: n (%) | |||
- Psychogenic gait disorder | 2 (0.6) | 1 (2) | 1 (0.4) |
- Depression | 4 (1.2) | – | 4 (1.4) |
- Panic disorder | 6 (1.8) | 1 (2) | 3 (1.1) |
- Gilles de la Tourette | 1 (0.3) | – | 1 (0.4) |
History of neurological disease, n (%) | 89 (27.1) | 13 (26.5) | 76 (27.2) |
History of abdominal surgery, n (%) | 101 (30.8) | 19 (38.8) | 82 (29.4) |
Indication of adrenalectomy, n (%) | |||
Primary aldosteronism | 164 (50) | 18 (36.7) | 146 (52.3) |
Pheochromocytoma | 75 (23) | 16 (32.7) | 59 (21.1) |
Cushing’s syndrome | 43 (13) | 8 (16.3) | 35 (12.5) |
Other | 46 (14) | 7 (14.3) | 39 (14.0) |
Side of adrenalectomy (left / right / both), n (%) | 169 (51.5) / 139 (42.4) / 20 (6.1) | 30 (61.2) / 16 (32.7) / 3 (6.1) | 139 (50) / 123 (44.1) / 17 (6.1) |
Type of procedure, n (%) | |||
Transperitoneal | 172 (52.4) | 34 (69.4) | 138 (49.5) |
Retroperitoneoscopic | 156 (47.6) | 15 (30.6) | 141 (50.5) |
Duration of surgery (min) | 93.7 ± 44.3 | 99 ± 44.1 | 92.8 ± 44.4 |
Blood loss (mL) | 47.7 ± 134.1 | 62 ± 164.7 | 45.2 ± 128,2 |
Tumor diameter (mm) | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 3.5 ± 2.6 | 2.6 ± 2.2 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 1.5 |
Conversion to transperitoneal /open procedure, n (%) | 16 (4.9) / 2 (0.6) | 1 (2) / 1 (2) | 7 (2.5) / 5 (1.8) |
Complications by Clavien-Dindo class, n (%) | |||
No complication | 294 (89.6) | 39 (79.6) | 255 (91.4) |
Clavien-Dindo I | 15 (4.6) | 3 (6.1) | 12 (4.3) |
Clavien-Dindo II | 11 (3.3) | 3 (6.1) | 8 (2.9) |
Clavien-Dindo III | 8 (2.4) | 4 (8.2) | 4 (1.4) |
Follow-up time since surgery, n (%) | |||
< 2 y | 60 (18.3) | 11 (22.4) | 49 (17.6) |
2–3 y | 78 (23.8) | 19 (38.8) | 59 (21.1) |
4–5 y | 73 (22.3) | 9 (18.4) | 64 (22.9) |
6–7 y | 61 (18.6) | 4 (8.2) | 57 (20.4) |
8–9 y | 28 (8.5) | 2 (4.1) | 26 (9.3) |
10–11 y | 25 (7.6) | 4 (8.2) | 21 (7.5) |
> 11 y | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (1.1) |