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Table 1 Patient-level Characteristics: Late Postoperative Respiratory Failure compared to No Postoperative Respiratory Failure

From: Outcomes and risk factors for delayed-onset postoperative respiratory failure: a multi-center case-control study by the University of California Critical Care Research Collaborative (UC3RC)

Variablea

Total Sample

(n = 190)

No PRF

(n = 95)

L-PRF

(n = 95)

Unadjusted Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

Patient Demographics

 Age (in years), median (IQR)

63 (56, 70)

63 (55, 70)

63 (56, 70)

n/a (matching variable)

 Male gender, n (%)

89 (46.8)

42 (44.2)

47 (49.5)

1.26 (0.69–2.30)

 Race, n (%)

  White

139 (73.2)

71 (74.7)

68 (71.6)

referent

  Black

10 (5.3)

5 (5.3)

5 (5.3)

1.01 (0.29–3.48)

  Asian

20 (10.5)

9 (9.5)

11 (11.6)

1.25 (0.50–3.09)

  Other

21 (11.1)

10 (10.5)

11 (11.6)

1.15 (0.43–3.11)

 Primary Payer Category, n (%)

  Medicare

93 (49.0)

42 (44.2)

51 (53.7)

1.45 (0.72–2.90)

  Medicaid

30 (15.8)

18 (18.9)

12 (12.6)

0.77 (0.33–1.78)

  Private/ Commercial Insurance (PPO, HMO, Military)

67 (35.3)

35 (36.8)

32 (33.7)

referent

Patient Comorbidities

 Body Mass Index, median (IQR)

25.5 (22.7, 30.1)

25.8 (22.9, 30.2)

25.1 (22.5, 30.1)

0.99 (0.96–1.04)

 ASA Classb (III and above)

137 (72.9)

62 (65.3)

75 (78.9)

1.89 (1.01–3.54)

 Alcohol (current drinker)

44 (23.2)

20 (21.5)

24 (25.3)

1.33 (0.63–2.80)

 Asthma, n (%)

14 (7.4)

9 (9.5)

5 (5.3)

0.56 (0.19–1.68)

 Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%)

17 (9.0)

7 (7.4)

10 (10.5)

1.50 (0.53–4.21)

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, n (%)

13 (6.8)

5 (5.3)

8 (8.4)

1.62 (0.52–5.05)

 Cardiacc, n (%)

37 (19.5)

12 (12.6)

25 (26.3)

2.05 (1.14–5.48)

 Diabetes, n (%)

34 (17.9)

16 (16.8)

18 (19)

1.15 (0.55–2.42)

 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, n (%)

48 (25.3)

21 (22.1)

27 (28.4)

1.36 (0.72–2.57)

 Hypertension, n (%)

85 (44.7)

39 (41.1)

46 (48.4)

1.38 (0.76–2.50)

 Liver Disease, n (%)

27 (14.2)

13 (13.7)

14 (14.7)

1.12 (0.45–2.79)

 Neurologic Diseased, n (%)

39 (20.5)

12 (12.6)

27 (28.4)

3.30 (1.41–7.74)

 Obstructive Sleep Apnea, n (%)

20 (10.5)

8 (8.4)

12 (12.6)

1.54 (0.61–3.88)

 Smoking (current), n (%)

25 (13.2)

11 (11.6)

14 (14.7)

1.39 (0.55–3.52)

 Totale number of comorbid conditions at admission, mean (SD)

2.2 (1.6)

1.8 (1.5)

2.5 (1.5)

1.39 (1.12–1.73)

Preoperative Laboratory Tests

 Albumin < 3.5 g/dL

23 (12.1)

5 (53)

18 (19)

4.66 (1.52–14.27)

  1. aRefer to Supplemental Table 1. Definitions of Comorbidities, Predictors, and Primary Outcome Variables
  2. bAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification System
  3. cCardiovascular disease: Includes heart attack, myocardial infarction, STEMI (ST elevation acute myocardial infarction), NSTEMI (non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction), angina, dysrhythmia, valve disease (mitral, aortic), cardiomyopathy
  4. dNeurologic disease: includes disease/deficit such as spinal cord injury, paralysis (e.g., following stroke or trauma), stroke, Parkinson’s, Cerebral Palsy, traumatic brain injury, hypoxic or anoxic brain injury
  5. eComorbid conditions included in this total: alcohol use, asthma, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac disease, dementia, diabetes (treated with oral or injectable antihyperglycemic agents), dysphagia, dyspnea (on admission at rest or with exertion), functional status (partially or wholly dependent,) gastroesophageal reflux disease, heart failure, home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use, home oxygen use, hypertension, impaired sensorium (acutely confused or delirious), liver disease, neurologic disease, obstructive sleep apnea, respiratory infection (current), sepsis (present on admission), smoking, weight loss (> 10% unplanned in previous 3 months). OR is per each additional comorbidity
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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