Table 3 Clinical outcomes
Variables | RA + GA (n = 266) | GA (n = 936) | adj P-value for site clusters |
|---|---|---|---|
At Least One Postoperative Pulmonary Complication | 112 (42.1) | 289 (30.9) | 0.0066 |
 Respiratory Failure | 28 (10.6) | 86 (9.2) | 0.5478 |
 ARDS | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | N/A |
 Pneumonia | 8 (3.0) | 14 (1.5) | 0.1820 |
 Pneumothorax | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 0.9187 |
 Atelectasis | 61 (22.9) | 145 (15.5) | 0.0238 |
 Pleural Effusion | 40 (15.0) | 76 (8.1) | 0.0139 |
 Bronchospasm | 3 (1.1) | 10 (1.1) | 0.7847 |
 Postoperative Oxygen Supplementation > 1 day (Nasal Cannula or Face Mask) | 69 (25.9) | 173 (18.5) | 0.0170 |
 Postoperative Requirement of Non-Invasive Ventilation (N-INV) | 12 (4.5) | 34 (3.6) | 0.3815 |
 Postoperative Requirement of Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation | 4 (1.5) | 17 (1.8) | 0.8217 |
Postoperative Oxygen Supplementation by Nasal Cannula, any duration | 119 (45.1) | 379 (40.9) | 0.0213 |
Postoperative Oxygen Supplementation by Face Mask, any duration | 4 (1.6) | 42 (4.8) | 0.0899 |
ICU/Intermediate Unit Length of Stay, days | 0.7 (2.1) | 0.8 (3.5) | 0.6096 |
Hospital Length of Stay, days | 8.0 (9.2) | 5.6 (7.6) | 0.0004 |
In-hospital Mortality | 3 (1.1) | 6 (0.6) | 0.4425 |