Table 2 Postoperative recovery
|  | ALL n = 640 | MPCIA n = 552 | OPCIA n = 48 | PCEA n = 40 | Difference [95% CI] | Statistical value | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPCIA vs OPCIA | MPCIA vs PCEA | OPCIA vs PCEA | ||||||||
Time from the end of surgery to the resumption of activity, h, M ± Std | First anal exhaust | 71.2 ± 31.4 | 69.2 ± 30.1 | 93.7 ± 32.2 | 69.9 ± 36.3 | −24.52* [−36.65,-13.39] | −0.64 [−12.75,11.46] | 23.88* [8.09,39.67] | 14.027 | < 0.001* |
Drinking water | 62.1 ± 38.7 | 58.1 ± 35.4 | 92.7 ± 51.0 | 78.1 ± 43.4 | −34.62* [−53.19,-16.05] | −20.06* [− 37.55,-2.57] | 14.56 [−9.96,39.08] | 22.779 | <  0.001* | |
Off-bed activity | 54.9 ± 24.7 | 53.6 ± 23.4 | 63.9 ± 31.1 | 61.2 ± 30.9 | −10.23 [−21.58,1.11] | −7.60 [− 20.00,4.80] | 2.63 [− 13.53,18.79] | 5.234 | 0.006* | |
Remove catheter | 101.3 ± 41.0 | 99.8 ± 40.6 | 108.3 ± 41.3 | 112.2 ± 44.3 | −8.53 [−23.36,6.29] | −12.39 [− 28.52,3.73] | −3.86 [− 24.89,17.17] | 2.472 | 0.085 | |
Remove abdominal drainage tube | 145.7 ± 66.2 | 142.0 ± 60.4 | 175.0 ± 103.6 | 160.8 ± 74.6 | −33.03 [−73.31,7.25] | −18.76 [−52.08,14.55] | 14.26 [− 36.06,64.60] | 5.799 | 0.003* | |
Remove stomach tube | 70.1 ± 52.5 | 70.4 ± 52.2 | 75.3 ± 56.5 | 61.3 ± 51.0 | −4.88 [−25.51,15.75] | 9.13 [−13.76,32.02] | 14.01 [−15.75,25.51] | 0.693 | 0.500 | |
Length of postoperative hospital stay, d, M ± Std | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 7.6 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 3.5 | 7.8 ± 2.6 | −0.92 [−2.01,0.17] | −0.16 [−1.35,1.03] | 0.76 [− 0.79,2.32] | 2.059 | 0.128 | |