Table 1 Demographic data of study patients

Cases,n (%)

4448 (100)

4346 (97.7)

102 (2.3)

4288 (96.4)

160 (3.6)

4047 (91.0)

401 (9.0)

Age mean (SD)

65.3 (18.6)

65.1 (18.6)

70.9 (18.4)

0.003

65.2 (18.6)

67.7 (20.2)

0.129

65.8 (18.4)

60.0 (20.5)

 < 0.001

Sex, male, n (%)

1885 (42.4)

1831 (42.1)

54 (52.9)

0.037

1801 (42.0)

84 (52.5)

0.011

1661 (41.0)

224 (55.9)

 < 0.001

BMI, mean (SD)

23.8 (4.2)

23.8 (4.2)

23.3 (4.7)

0.339

23.8 (4.2)

23.2 (4.7)

0.114

23.7 (4.2)

24.2 (4.6)

0.049

Smoking, n (%)

618 (13.9)

599 (13.8)

19 (18.6)

0.21

594 (13.9)

24 (15.0)

0.768

545 (13.5)

73 (18.2)

0.011

Emergency, n (%)

2186 (49.1)

2129 (49.0)

57 (55.9)

0.202

2106 (49.1)

80 (50.0)

0.889

2062 (51.0)

124 (30.9)

 < 0.001

ASA-PS classification

ASA-PS 1, n (%)

61 (1.4)

60 (1.4)

1 (1.0)

 < 0.001

60 (1.4)

1 (0.6)

 < 0.001

60 (1.5)

1 (0.2)

 < 0.001

ASA-PS 2, n (%)

1031 (23.2)

1026 (23.6)

5 (4.9)

1026 (23.9)

5 (3.1)

987 (24.4)

44 (11.0)

ASA-PS 3, n (%)

3150 (70.8)

3073 (70.7)

77 (75.5)

3041 (70.9)

109 (68.1)

2858 (70.6)

292 (72.8)

ASA-PS 4–5, n (%)

206 (4.6)

187 (4.3)

19 (18.6)

161 (3.7)

45 (28.1)

142 (3.5)

64 (16.0)

Anesthesia

GA, n (%)

4191(94.2)

4097 (94.3)

94 (92.2)

0.49

4039 (94.2)

152 (95.0)

0.797

3806 (94.0)

385 (96.0)

0.135

CVC, n (%)

267 (6.0)

242 (5.6)

25 (24.5)

 < 0.001

227 (5.3)

40 (25.0)

 < 0.001

198 (4.9)

69 (17.2)

 < 0.001

Arterial line n (%)

1367 (30.7)

1301 (29.9)

66 (64.7)

 < 0.001

1275 (29.7)

92 (57.5)

 < 0.001

1197 (29.6)

170 (42.4)

 < 0.001

Laboratory data

ALT, mean (SD)

29.3 (59.1)

28.0 (29.1)

82.6(338.3)

0.107

27.6(27.8)

73.1(273.4)

0.037

26.4 (24.0)

58.4 (179.1)

 < 0.001

eGFR, mean (SD)

76.2 (30.8)

76.3 (30.3)

71.2 (45.8)

0.267

76.2 (30.0)

75.7 (47.5)

0.898

74.7 (28.5)

90.9 (45.3)

 < 0.001

Hb, mean (SD)

10.8 (1.6)

10.9 (1.6)

9.7 (1.5)

 < 0.001

10.9 (1.6)

9.9 (1.5)

 < 0.001

10.9 (1.6)

10.3 (1.6)

 < 0.001

aPTT, mean (SD)

28.0 (4.3)

27.9 (4.2)

31.4 (8.2)

 < 0.001

27.9 (4.2)

30.1 (7.2)

 < 0.001

27.9 (4.2)

29.0 (5.7)

 < 0.001

PT, mean (SD)

10.9 (1.6)

10.8 (1.4)

12.5 (4.1)

 < 0.001

10.8 (1.4)

11.9 (3.5)

 < 0.001

10.8 (1.5)

11.4 (2.4)

 < 0.001

Platelet, mean(10³) (SD)

231.9(90.6)

232.4(89.1)

212.2(139.8)

0.151

231.4(86.6)

246.5 (164.5)

0.249

226.6(81.6)

285.3(144.3)

 < 0.001

Comorbidity

Respiratory, n (%)

457 (10.3)

425 (9.8)

32 (31.4)

 < 0.001

414 (9.7)

43 (26.9)

 < 0.001

376 (9.3)

81 (20.2)

 < 0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

1079 (24.3)

1049 (24.1)

30 (29.4)

0.266

1038 (24.2)

41 (25.6)

0.751

1005 (24.8)

74 (18.5)

0.005

Hypertension, n(%)

1795 (40.4)

1744 (40.1)

51 (50.0)

0.057

1732 (40.4)

63 (39.4)

0.861

1683 (41.6)

112 (27.9)

 < 0.001

Liver disease, n (%)

174 (3.9)

166 (3.8)

8 (7.8)

0.061

163 (3.8)

11 (6.9)

0.078

149 (3.7)

25 (6.2)

0.017

Malignancy, n (%)

408 (9.2)

387 (8.9)

21 (20.6)

 < 0.001

386 (9.0)

22 (13.8)

0.057

361 (8.9)

47 (11.7)

0.078

Heart disease, n (%)

565 (12.7)

541 (12.4)

24 (23.5)

0.002

531 (12.4)

34 (21.2)

0.001

508 (12.6)

57 (14.2)

0.382

CKD-stage 1, n (%)

1477 (32.5)

1412 (32.5)

35 (34.3)

 < 0.001

1386 (32.3)

61 (38.1)

 < 0.001

1225 (30.3)

222 (55.4)

 < 0.001

CKD-stage 2, n (%)

1783 (40.1)

1757 (40.4)

26 (25.5)

1746 (40.7)

37 (23.1)

1703 (42.1)

80 (20.0)

CKD-stage 3, n (%)

865 (19.4)

849 (19.5)

16 (15.7)

837 (19.5)

28 (17.5)

816 (20.2)

49 (12.2)

CKD-stage 4, n (%)

177 (4.0)

166 (3.8)

11 (10.8)

162 (3.8)

15 (9.4)

156 (3.9)

21 (5.2)

CKD-stage 5, n (%)

176 (4.0)

162 (3.7)

14 (13.7)

157 (3.7)

19 (11.9)

147 (3.6)

29 (7.2)

Stroke, n (%)

467 (10.5)

450 (10.4)

17 (16.7)

0.058

445 (10.4)

22 (13.8)

0.217

430 (10.6)

37 (9.2)

0.432

Dementia, n (%)

377 (8.5)

353 (8.1)

24 (23.5)

 < 0.001

347 (8.1)

30 (18.8)

 < 0.001

333 (8.2)

44 (11.0)

0.074

Schizophrenia, n (%)

32 (0.7)

31 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

0.525

31 (0.7)

1 (0.6)

1.000

25 (0.6)

7 (1.7)

0.021