Table 1 Comparisons of the baseline clinical characteristics between sepsis and non-sepsis
|  | Whole population (n = 21,333) | Non-sepsis (n = 17,114) | Sepsis (n = 4219) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 65.1 ± 16 | 64.5 ± 16.1 | 67.4 ± 15.4 |  < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 8528 (40) | 6650 (38.9) | 1878 (44.5) |  < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 83 ± 23.8 | 83.1 ± 23.2 | 82.7 ± 26.2 | 0.233 |
SOFA score | 5.9 ± 3.7 | 5.3 ± 3.3 | 8.6 ± 3.9 |  < 0.001 |
SAPS-II score | 41.7 ± 15.1 | 39.6 ± 14.1 | 50.4 ± 15.9 |  < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay (day) | 8 (5.1, 13.5) | 7.8 (5.1, 12.6) | 9.8 (5.2, 17.8) |  < 0.001 |
Length of ICU stay (day) | 2.7 (1.4, 5.2) | 2.4 (1.4, 4.5) | 4.1 (2.1, 8.9) |  < 0.001 |
24-h fluid intake (mL) | 2000 (1000, 3250) | 2000 (1000, 3000) | 2500 (1000, 4000) |  < 0.001 |
24-h urine output (mL) | 1515 (891, 2330) | 1615 (1010, 2420) | 1030 (455, 1850) |  < 0.001 |
Die in 28 days | 3569 (16.7) | 2019 (11.8) | 1550 (36.7) |  < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Congestive heart failure | 6849 (32.1) | 5308 (31) | 1541 (36.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Myocardial infarction | 4473 (21) | 3629 (21.2) | 844 (20) | 0.086 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 2302 (10.8) | 1885 (11) | 417 (9.9) | 0.034 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 5602 (26.3) | 4420 (25.8) | 1182 (28) | 0.004 |
 Mild liver disease | 3072 (14.4) | 2106 (12.3) | 966 (22.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Severe liver disease | 1430 (6.7) | 990 (5.8) | 440 (10.4) |  < 0.001 |
 Diabetes without complication | 5530 (25.9) | 4361 (25.5) | 1169 (27.7) | 0.003 |
 Diabetes with complication | 2531 (11.9) | 2020 (11.8) | 511 (12.1) | 0.579 |
 Renal disease | 4967 (23.3) | 3766 (22) | 1201 (28.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Malignant cancer | 2473 (11.6) | 1734 (10.1) | 739 (17.5) |  < 0.001 |
 AIDS | 159 (0.8) | 108 (0.6) | 51 (1.2) |  < 0.001 |
Laboratory results in the first 24Â h | ||||
 Maximum anion gap (mmol/L) | 16.7 ± 5.7 | 16.1 ± 5.3 | 19.2 ± 6.3 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum albumin (g/dL) | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.6 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum bilirubin (mg/L) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.9 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum glucose (mg/dL) | 196.7 ± 104.8 | 196.9 ± 102.4 | 195.9 ± 113.9 | 0.574 |
 Minimum hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 9.4 ± 2.1 | 0.064 |
 Minimum platelet (K/uL) | 168 ± 97.5 | 166.1 ± 91.4 | 175.5 ± 118.7 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.9 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum APTT (sec) | 47.3 ± 32.1 | 46.3 ± 31.9 | 51.2 ± 32.9 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum INR | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1 | 2.1 ± 1.6 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum PT (sec) | 18.8 ± 12.3 | 17.7 ± 10.6 | 23.1 ± 16.9 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum sodium (mmol/L) | 140 ± 5.1 | 140.1 ± 4.7 | 139.7 ± 6.2 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum sodium (mmol/L) | 135.5 ± 5.2 | 135.4 ± 4.9 | 135.7 ± 6.1 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 30.2 ± 23.9 | 27.4 ± 21.8 | 41.5 ± 28.3 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum white blood cell count (K/μL) | 16 ± 11.6 | 15.3 ± 10.5 | 18.6 ± 14.8 |  < 0.001 |
Vital signs in the first 24Â h | ||||
 Mean heart rate (bpm) | 87.6 ± 16 | 86 ± 15.2 | 93.7 ± 17.7 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85.6 ± 16.3 | 87.3 ± 16.1 | 78.5 ± 15.1 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 44.1 ± 10.8 | 45 ± 10.6 | 40.4 ± 10.7 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 55.3 ± 14.1 | 56.7 ± 13.6 | 49.5 ± 14.4 |  < 0.001 |
 Maximum respiratory rate (bpm) | 28.9 ± 6.8 | 28.4 ± 6.6 | 31.2 ± 7.1 |  < 0.001 |
 Minimum pulse O2 saturation (%) | 91.1 ± 8.3 | 91.7 ± 7.4 | 88.6 ± 10.9 |  < 0.001 |
Lactate related variables | ||||
 Maximum lactate (mmol/L) | 2.6 (1.8, 3.9) | 2.6 (1.8, 3.7) | 2.9 (1.9, 5.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Mean lactate (mmol/L) | 2.1 (1.5, 2.9) | 2 (1.5, 2.8) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Lactate load (mmol·hr./L) | 46.2 (33.8, 65.1) | 45 (33.2, 61.8) | 53.4 (37.1, 85.4) |  < 0.001 |
 Normalized lactate load (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.6) |  < 0.001 |