Table 1 Patient's demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications and laboratory values at inclusion

Demographics

  Age, years

70.0

[60.3–78.0]

66.0 [59.0–81.5]

70.0 [61.0–78.0]

0.645

  Males, n (%)

64 (55.2)

7 (41.2)

57.0 (57.6)

0.209

  Height, cm

175.0

[165.5–180.0]

167.0 [165.0–179.0]

175.0 [167.0–180.0]

0.186

  BMI, kg/m²

31.2 [28.4–34.3]

32.5 [30.7–34.5]

31.0 [28.2–34.3]

0.078

Comorbidities, n (%)

0.751

  Hypertension

87 (75.0)

12 (70.6)

75 (75.8)

  Diabetes Mellitus

45 (38.8)

6 (35.3)

39 (39.4)

  Ischemic heart disease

36 (31.0)

5 (29.4)

31 (31.3)

  Congestive heart failure

9 (7.8)

0 (0)

9 (9.1)

  Atrial fibrillation

19 (16.4)

0 (0)

19 (19.2)

  Obesity

40 (34.5)

6 (35.3)

34 (34.3)

  COPD/Asthma

11 (9.5)

3 (17.6)

8 (8.1)

  History of stroke

7 (6.0)

0 (0)

7 (70.7)

  Cerebrovascular disease

8 (6.9)

1 (5.9)

7 (70.7)

  History of Cancer

9 (7.8)

1 (5.9)

8 (8.1)

  History of MI

12 (10.3)

0 (0)

12 (12.1)

  Pulmonary hypertension

3 (2.6)

0 (0)

3 (3.0)

Smoking history:

0.645

  Former smokers, n (%)

9 (7.8)

1 (5.9)

8 (8.1)

  Active smokers, n (%)

3 (2.6)

0 (0)

3 (3.0)

  ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%)

82 (70.7)

11 (64.7)

71 (71.7)

  Time from onset, days

13 [9-18]

12 [9-14]

13 [9-21]

0.103

  SOFA score

6 [5-8]

6 [5-7]

6 [5-9]

0.345

  NIV duration, days

3.0 [2.0–5.8]

3.0 [1.5–5.5]

3.0 [2.0–6.0]

0.831

Lung CT

  Lung involvement, %

83 [78–87]

79 [75–83]

83 [80–87]

0.003

  Lung consolidation, %

12 [9,10-15]

10 [8-13]

12 [9-16]

0.133

Treatment, n(%)

  Hydroxychloroquine

110 (94.8)

17 (100.0)

93 (93.9)

  Lopinavir/ritonavir

23 (19.8)

3 (17.6)

15 (15.2)

  Dexamethasone (8–20 mg/day)

116 (100.0)

17 (100.0)

99 (100.0)

1.000

  UFH or LWH «low dose»

5 (4.3)

1 (5.9)

4 (4.0)

  UFH or LWH «high dose»

111 (95.7)

16 (94.1)

95 (95.9)

Anticytokine therapy

  Tocilizumab

18 (15.5)

5 (29.4)

13.0 (13.1)

0.258

  Sarilumab

5 (4.3)

1 (5.9)

4.0 (4.0)

  Tofacitinib

1 (0.9)

1 (5.9)

0 (0)

Laboratory values

  WBC, 10⁹/l

11.1 [8.1–15.3]

9.6 [7.8–15.8]

11.5 [8.4–15.2]

0.494

  Lymphocytes, 10⁹/l

0.7 [0.4–0.9]

0.5 [0.5–0.8]

0.7 [0.4–0.9]

0.431

  D-dimer, mcg/ml

3.3 [1.6–6.8]

3.3 [2.0–6.0]

3.3 [1.6–7.3]

0.751

  Fibrinogen, g/l

7.5 [5.7–9.4]

6.9 [5.3–10.6]

7.6 [5.7–9.4]

0.785

  Creatinine, mcg/l

97.0 [75.8–136.7]

89.0 [66.0–114.2]

99.0 [76.0–139.0]

0.240

  LDH, U/l

996.5 [833.3–1347.8]

859.5 [716.3–1137.8]

1025.5 [842.5–1428.5]

0.114

  CRP, mg/l

160.1 [100.3–246.9]

163.1 [118.3–234.1]

157.2 [98.0–257.8]

0.984