Table 4 Comparison of hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters between two groups before and after fluid challenge test in spontaneously breathing patients

  IVCmax (cm)

1.30 (1.07–1.58)*

1.34 ± 0.23

1.72 ± 0.33

1.76 ± 0.27

  IVCmin (cm)

0.82 ± 0.30*

0.78 (0.69–0.95)

1.30 ± 0.36

1.34 ± 0.34

  ΔIVC (cm)

0.55 ± 0.12*

0.45 (0.37,0.59)†

0.42 ± 0.16

0.41 ± 0.13

  cIVC2 (%)

41.45 ± 9.75*

36.15 ± 10.13†

25.08 ± 10.54

24.48 ± 9.12

  CVP (cmH₂O)

3 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

4 (1–5)

3 (1–6)

  MAP (mmHg)

92 ± 14

96 (83–104)

91 ± 10

92 ± 10

  HR (beats min⁻¹)

69 (62–73)

70 ± 11†

70 ± 7

72 ± 7†

  VTI (cm)

24.8 ± 3.1

28.3 ± 4.4†

25.5 ± 3.7

26.5 ± 4.0†

  CO (L min⁻¹)

5.08 ± 1.02

6.06 ± 1.26†

5.36 ± 1.05

5.73 ± 1.15†

  CI (L min⁻¹ m⁻²)

3.09 ± 0.62

3.68 ± 0.76†

3.38 ± 0.76

3.62 ± 0.84†