Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of the factors associated with ICU mortality and ICU survival
Characteristics | ICU mortality | ICU survival | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Subjects | 389 | 4371 | Â |
Age (≥ 65 yr), n (%) | 164 (42.2) | 1092 (25.0) |  < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 214 (55.0) | 2442 (55.9) | 0.771 |
Ethnicity, n (%) |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 White | 247 (63.5) | 3000 (68.6) |  |
 Asian | 7 (1.8) | 118 (2.7) |  |
 Black | 25 (6.4) | 346 (7.9) |  |
 Hispanic/Latino | 5 (1.3) | 191 (4.4) |  |
 Unknown/Other | 105 (27.0) | 716 (16.4) |  |
Day 1 SOFA score | 10.00 (7.00, 14.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) |  < 0.001 |
Day 1 SAPS-I score | 19.00 (15.00, 23.00) | 12.00 (8.00, 15.00) |  < 0.001 |
Diagnosed by ICD, 9th Editor, n (%) | |||
 Respiratory failure, n (%) | 187 (48.1) | 463 (10.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Renal failure, n (%) | 172 (44.2) | 678 (15.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 61 (15.7) | 198 (4.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Shock, n (%) | 86 (22.1) | 208 (4.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Diabetes uncomplicated, n (%) | 52 (11.3) | 454 (10.4) | 0.068 |
 Diabetes complicated, n (%) | 5 (1.3) | 119 (2.7) | 0.088 |
 AIDS, n (%) | 6 (2.8) | 47 (1.2) | 0.556 |
 Lymphoma, n (%) | 11 (12.6) | 53 (5.6) | 0.008 |
 Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 49 (5.9) | 245 (6.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Coagulopathy, n (%) | 48 (12.3) | 248 (5.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 5 (1.3) | 57 (1.3) | 0.974 |
 Infection, n (%) | 43 (11.1) | 474 (10.8) | 0.899 |
 Poisoning, n (%) | 6 (1.5) | 224 (5.1) | 0.002 |
 Hypoferric anemia, n (%) | 35 (9.0) | 467 (10.7) | 0.298 |
Related medication taking in day 1, n (%) | |||
 Sedatives, n (%) | 21 (5.4) | 88 (2.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Opioid analgesics, n (%) | 20 (5.1) | 70(1.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Catecholamine, n (%) | 98 (25.2) | 368 (8.4) |  < 0.001 |
 β-blocking agent, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 12(0.3) | 1.000 |
Length of stay in ICU, day | 5.04 (2.31, 9.94) | 2.30 (1.58,4.20) |  < 0.001 |
Circadian variation of HR | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) |  < 0.001 |
First 24-h mean HR | 94.45 (81.07, 107.39) | 87.81 (76.94, 99.07) |  < 0.001 |