Fig. 2

Graphical examples of patient-ventilator asynchrony. Airway pressure (top), flow (middle), and volume (bottom) waveforms over time during volume-assisted control ventilation. The respiratory rate and tidal volume were set to 15 breaths/min and 500 mL, respectively. A With the cuff deflating, the expiratory tidal volume (VTe) was lower than the inspiratory tidal volume (VTi). The expiratory volume waveforms fall and then plateau without reaching zero (arrows); B All cycles occurring at a respiratory rate of 17 breaths/min, which exceeds the set frequency, were auto-triggered due to circuit leakage