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Table 1 Patient characteristics, in geographic area according the 2020 World Bank Country Classification

From: Geo–economic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management and outcome of patients receiving intraoperative ventilation during general anesthesia– posthoc analysis of an observational study in 29 countries

 

All patients

High income

Upper middle income

Lower middle income

P-value (among groups)

Female (%)

55.0 (5425/9864)

55.1 (4619/8383)

54.9 (591/1076)

53.1 (215/405)

0.728

Age, years

53 [39–66]

54 [40–66]

48 [34–60]

49 [33–62]

< 0.001

Height, cm

168 [162–175]

168 [162–175]

168 [162–175]

170 [165–177]

0.015

Height male gender, cm

175 [170–180]

175 [170–181]

175 [170–180]

175 [170–180]

0.084

Height female gender, cm

164 [159–168]

164 [159–168]

163 [159–167]

165 [162–169]

0.003

Weight, kg

75 [65–88]

75 [65–88]

75 [65–85]

76 [65–87]

0.623

Body mass index kg/m2

26.2 [23.4–30.0]

26.2 [23.4–30.1]

26.2 [23.4–29.4]

25.7 [23.0–29.4]

0.556

ASA physical status

    

0.017

  < 3

78.8 (7756/9840)

78.3 (6549/8361)

81.8 (879/1075)

81.2 (328/404)

 

  ≥ 3

21.7 (2084/9840)

21.7 (1812/8361)

18.2 (196/1075)

18.8 (76/404)

 

Functional status

    

0.238

 Independent

92.4 (9105/9858)

92.4 (7742/8377)

92.9 (1000/1076)

89.6 (363/405)

 

 Partially dependent

6.3 (621/9858)

6.3 (526/8377)

5.6 (60/1076)

8.6 (35/405)

 

 Totally dependent

1.3 (132/9858)

1.3 (109/8377)

1.5 (16/1076)

1.7 (7/405)

 

ARISCAT score

15.0 [3.0 to 26.0]

15.0 [3.0 to 26.0]

16.0 [3.0 to 27.0]

17.5 [15.0 to 26.0]

0.003

ARISCAT group

    

0.563

 Low

75.9 (7147/9413)

76.1 (6128/8053)

74.7 (763/1022)

75.7 (256/338)

 

 Intermediate

19.2 (1811/9413)

19.0 (1532/8053)

21.0 (215/1022)

18.9 (64/338)

 

 High

4.8 (455/9413)

4.9 (393/8053)

4.3 (44/1022)

5.3 (18/338)

 

Preoperative SpO2, %

98 [96, 99]

98 [96, 99]

98 [96, 99]

98 [96, 99]

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 COPD

6.0 (596/9864)

6.0 (503/8383)

6.0 (65/1076)

6.9 (28/408)

0.753

 Heart failure

5.9 (585/9864)

5.8 (486/8383)

6.3 (68/1076)

7.6 (31/405)

0.257

 Obstructive sleep apnoea

2.1 (205/9864)

2.2 (183/8383)

1.6 (17/1076)

1.2 (5/405)

0.204

 Metastatic cancer

4.0 (392/9864)

4.1 (347/8383)

3.1 (33/1076)

3.0 (12/405)

0.135

 Chronic kidney disease

3.1 (310/9864)

3.3 (276/8383)

2.2 (24/1076)

2.5 (10/405)

0.140

 Smoker

23.2 (2290/9864)

22.7 (1906/8383)

27.0 (291/1076)

23.1 (93/405)

0.008

Urgency of surgery*

    

< 0.001

 Elective

88.9 (8765/9862)

90.2 (7557/8381)

83.1 (894/1076)

77.5 (314/405)

 

 Urgency

8.6 (845/9862)

8.0 (667/8381)

10.3 (111/1076)

16.5 (67/405)

 

 Emergency

2.6 (252/9862)

1.9 (157/8381)

6.6 (71/1076)

5.9 (24/405)

 

Duration of surgery, minutes

73 [42, 125]

71 [40, 125]

75 [45, 125]

75 [42, 125]

0.371

Duration of anesthesia, minutes

103 [66, 160]

103 [65, 162]

100 [70, 150]

105 [63, 152]

0.546

Surgical approach

 Open abdominal

18.0 (1773/9864)

17.7 (1487/8383)

19.1 (205/1076)

20.0 (81/405)

0.318

 Laparoscopic abdominal

17.6 (1737/9864)

17.5 (1468/8383)

17.4 (187/1076)

20.2 (82/405)

0.361

 Laparoscopic assisted abdominal

1.7 (167/9864)

1.7 (143/8383)

1.8 (19/1076)

1.2 (5/405)

0.758

 Peripheral incision

18.5 (1827/9864)

19.5 (1633/8383)

12.2 (131/1076)

15.6 (63/405)

< 0.001

 None of the above

44.9 (4427/9864)

44.3 (3714/8383)

49.9 (537/1076)

43.5 (176/405)

0.002

Type of surgery

 Lower gastro-intestinal

11.1 (1096/9864)

11.0 (920/8383)

10.2 (110/1076)

16.3 (66/405)

0.002

 Upper gastro-intestinal

13.8 (1357/9864)

13.2 (1107/8383)

16.1 (173/1076)

19.0 (77/405)

< 0.001

 Peripheral vascular

3.1 (309/9864)

3.1 (261/8383)

3.5 (38/1076)

2.5 (10/405)

0.559

 Aortic

0.6 (64/9864)

0.7 (62/8383)

0.2 (2/1076)

0.0 (0/405)

0.026

 Neurological, head or neck

20.3 (2006/9864)

19.4 (1627/8383)

27.0 (290/1076)

22.0 (89/405)

< 0.001

 Urological or kidney

8.7 (858/9864)

8.8 (741/8383)

8.6 (93/1076)

5.9 (24/405)

0.127

 Gynecological

11.6 (1141/9864)

11.8 (993/8383)

10.1 (109/1076)

9.6 (39/405)

0.117

Endocrine

2.0 (194/9864)

1.9 (156/8383)

2.8 (30/1076)

2.0 (8/405)

0.119

 Transplant

0.3 (34/9864)

0.3 (26/8383)

0.7 (8/1076)

0.0 (0/405)

0.036

 Plastic or Cutaneous

10.5 (1037/9864)

11.0 (920/8383)

8.3 (89/1076)

6.9 (28/405)

0.001

 Bone or joint

16.2 (1595/9864)

16.9 (1418/8383)

11.6 (125/1076)

12.8 (52/405)

< 0.001

 Other procedure

5.9 (585/9864)

6.1 (508/8383)

5.4 (58/1076)

4.7 (19/405)

0.381

Epidural catheter

4.8 (476/9859)

5.3 (420/7958)

3.3 (49/1498)

1.7 (7/403)

< 0.001

Muscle paralysis agents

84.1 (8275/9845)

82.5 (6563/7951)

90.2 (1345/1491)

91.1 (367/403)

< 0.001

Neuromuscular blockade reversal agent

34.0 (3294/9687)

31.3 (2463/7860)

43.8 (640/1461)

52.2 (191/366)

< 0.001

Neuromuscular monitoring

18.1 (1786/9850)

20.8 (1654/7949)

5.4 (81/1498)

12.7 (51/403)

< 0.001

Need for a blood transfusion

3.3 (330/9864)

3.1 (260/8383)

5.0 (54/1076)

4.0 (16/405)

0.005

  1. Data presented as median with interquartile range [25th to 75th quartile] or % (n/total). Total numbers are different because of missing values. Depending on data distribution, an ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis or Chi square test was performed to determine differences among geo–economic regions
  2. * Urgency of surgery: elective: surgery that is scheduled in advance because it does not involve a medical emergency; urgent: surgery required within < 48 h; emergency: non-elective surgery performed when the patient’s life or wellbeing is in direct jeopardy
  3. ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, ARISCAT Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia, SpO2 oxyhaemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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BMC Anesthesiology

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