Table 1 Clinical Features Stratified by Serum Chloride at 72 h post-ICU admission
Variable | Total(n = 2131) | No Hyperchloremia (Cl72h < 108, n = 1467) | Hyperchloremia (Cl72h ≥ 108, n = 664) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr, median (IQR) | 64.0 (52.0-77.0) | 63.0 (52.0-76.0) | 67.0 (53.0-78.2) | < 0.001 |
Male, n(%) | 1110 (52.1%) | 787 (53.6%) | 323 (48.6%) | 0.032 |
Ethnicity, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
White | 1565 (73.4%) | 1114 (75.9%) | 451 (67.9%) | |
Black | 182 (8.5%) | 120 (8.2%) | 62 (9.3%) | |
Asian | 73 (3.4%) | 46 (3.1%) | 27 (4.1%) | |
Other | 311 (14.6%) | 187 (12.7%) | 124 (18.7%) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Coronary heart disease | 246 (11.5%) | 170 (11.6%) | 76 (11.4%) | 0.924 |
COPD | 29 (1.4%) | 22 (1.5%) | 7 (1.1%) | 0.411 |
Hypertension | 982 (46.1%) | 669 (45.6%) | 313 (47.1%) | 0.51 |
Diabetes mellitus | 544 (25.5%) | 383 (26.1%) | 161 (24.2%) | 0.362 |
Acute kidney injury | 508 (23.8%) | 343 (23.4%) | 165 (24.8%) | 0.461 |
Scoring systems, median (IQR) | ||||
SIRS | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 0.005 |
SOFA | 4.0 (2.0-6.0) | 3.0 (2.0-6.0) | 4.0 (2.0-6.0) | < 0.001 |
SAPSII | 35.0 (26.0-44.0) | 33.0 (25.0-43.0) | 37.0 (29.0-47.0) | < 0.001 |
Elixhauser comorbidity | 11.0 (1.0-20.0) | 11.0 (0.0-20.0) | 11.0 (3.0-20.0) | 0.06 |
Therapeutic exposure in ICU,n(%) | ||||
Renal replacement therapy | 90 (4.2%) | 77 (5.2%) | 13 (2.0%) | < 0.001 |
Diuretic | 1052 (49.4%) | 708 (48.3%) | 344 (51.8%) | 0.129 |
Statin | 684 (32.1%) | 459 (31.3%) | 225 (33.9%) | 0.234 |
Pressin | 161 (7.6%) | 99 (6.7%) | 62 (9.3%) | 0.036 |
Plasmalyte | 6 (0.3%) | 4 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.908 |
Fluid balance within 72 h after ICU admission(mL), median (IQR) | − 2176.0 (− 6688.0- 3296.0) | − 1977.0 (− 6284.0, 2945.0) | − 2980.0 (− 7464.0, 4446.0) | 0.203 |
Admission serum bicarbonate(mmol/L), median (IQR) | 24.0 (21.0-26.0) | 24.0 (22.0-27.0) | 23.0 (20.0-25.0) | < 0.001 |
Serum bicarbonate at 72 h after ICU admission(mmol/L), median (IQR) | 25.0 (23.0-28.0) | 26.0 (24.0-28.0) | 23.0 (20.0-25.0) | < 0.001 |
Admission serum Cl−(mmol/L), median (IQR) | 105.0 (101.0-108.0) | 104.0 (101.0-107.0) | 107.5 (104.0-111.0) | < 0.001 |
Admission serum sodium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 138.0 (135.0-140.0) | 140.0 (138.0-142.0) | < 0.001 |
Serum sodium at 72 h after ICU admission(mmol/L), median (IQR) | 139.0 (137.0-142.0) | 138.0 (136.0-140.0) | 143.0 (141.0-146.0) | < 0.001 |
Length of ICU stay, d, median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0-9.0) | 4.0 (2.0-8.0) | 7.0 (4.0-13.0) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay, d, median (IQR) | 12.0 (8.0-19.0) | 11.0 (7.0-18.0) | 14.0 (8.0-22.0) | < 0.001 |