Table 3 Association of having any postoperative complication within 30d and compliance with each ERAS component

Education and counseling

0.26

0.11–0.63

0.003

0.25

0.44–1.42

0.118

Pre–operative optimization

0.50

0.33–0.75

0.001

2.07

0.98–4.40

0.057

No prolonged fasting

2.07

1.09–3.94

0.026

1.04

0.41–2.61

0.938

No pre–anesthetic medication

0.24

0.11–0.49

< 0.001

0.73

0.17–3.11

0.666

Standard anesthetic protocol

0.33

0.21–0.52

< 0.001

0.71

0.25–2.06

0.530

Minimally invasive surgery

0.18

0.09–0.33

< 0.001

0.13

0.05–0.34

< 0.001

Goal–directed fluid therapy

0.49

0.32–0.75

0.001

0.60

0.32–1.11

0.101

Maintenance of normothermia

0.19

0.04–0.98

0.048

0.67

0.03–9.97

0.812

PONV prophylaxis

0.06

0.03–0.12

< 0.001

0.05

0.02–0.12

< 0.001

Multimodal prevention of DVT

0.52

0.35–0.77

0.001

1.08

0.55–2.15

0.824

Avoid salt–water overload

1.89

1.11–3.20

0.019

1.36

0.61–3.01

0.454

Multimodal analgesia

0.38

0.25–0.57

< 0.001

0.97

0.37–2.54

0.963

Early mobilization

0.28

0.19–0.43

< 0.001

0.50

0.27–0.94

0.031

Early oral intake

0.21

0.13–0.32

< 0.001

0.37

0.17–0.81

0.012

Urinary drainage

0.08

0.05–0.13

< 0.001

0.06

0.03–0.12

< 0.001