Fig. 1
From: Comparative analysis of the effects of opioids in angiogenesis
The effects of opioids in in vitro angiogenesis. Morphine, fentanyl and oxycodone at 0.1 μM to 100 μM increased capillary network formation whereas at 1000 μM decreased capillary network formation. Codeine at 0.1 μM to 1000 μM did not affect capillary network formation. VEGF at 15 ng/ml was used. Results shown are relative to control. Each experiment was repeated three times in triplicate, and each value indicates mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, compared to control