Table 1 Demographics and Clinical data associated with POCD in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors

Age (y)

70.57 ± 4.24

70.91 ± 5.10

0.605

Male (n, %)

61(67.0%)

95(72.5%)

0.379

BMI (kg.m⁻²)

21.81 ± 2.70

22.47 ± 3.17

0.105

ASA (n, %)

0.097

 II

21(23.1%)

39(29.8%)

 III

70(76.9%)

89(67.9%)

 IV

0(0.0%)

3(2.3%)

Education (n, %)

0.758

 Illiteracy

4(4.4%)

6(4.6%)

 Elementary school

42(46.2%)

62(47.3%)

 High school

41(45.1%)

53(40.5%)

 College or higher

4(4.4%)

10(7.6%)

Preoperative MMSE score

26.98 ± 1.70

26.63 ± 1.81

0.154

 Hypertension

39(42.9%)

53(40.5)

0.721

 Diabetes

13(14.3%)

20(15.3%)

0.840

 Cerebrovascular disease

10(11%)

11(8.4%)

0.516

 Cardiovascular disease

11(12.1%)

17(13%)

0.844

 Lung disease

38(41.8)

44(33.6)

0.215

 Chemotherapy

5(5.5%)

2(1.5%)

0.126

Smoking (n, %)

40(44%)

37(28.2)

0.016*

Alcohol consumption (n, %)

24(26.4%)

19(14.5%)

0.028*