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Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative outcomes and blood lactate concentrations

From: Preoperative carbohydrate loading and intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy for elderly patients undergoing open gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial

 

GDFT group (n = 55)

CFT group (n = 57)

P

Duration of anesthesia (min)

254 ± 64.8

244 ± 60.6

0.413

Duration of surgery (min)

208 ± 59.9

200 ± 57.1

0.469

Estimated blood loss (ml)

200 (150–300)

200 (100–400)

0.773

Total intraoperative fluids (ml)

1697 ± 536.9

2033 ± 468.7

0.001##

Crystalloid (ml)

1111 ± 442.9

1411 ± 412.6

0.000###

Colloid (ml)

623 ± 211.9

586 ± 216.3

0.370

Urine output (ml)

200 (150–300)

400 (290–500)

0.000###

Intraoperative vasoactive drugs

 Ephedrine

25

31

0.345

 Norepinephrine

10

4

0.091

 Dobutamine

9

2

0.022#

 Nitroglycerin

2

3

1.000

Lactate (mmol/l)

 T1

0.8 (0.6–1.3)

0.7 (0.6–0.95)

0.363

 T2

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.8 (0.65–1.1)

0.243

 T3

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

1.0 (0.8–1.2) ***

0.752

  1. Note: Values are absolute number, mean ± SD (standard deviation) or median (25–75 percentage); *** p < 0.001 analysis of variance (ANOVA) on repeated measurements with Bonferroni correction against baseline; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 analysis of variance by GDFT groups vs CFT group (T-test; Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, or Fisher’s exact tests); T1 5 min prior to induction of anesthesia, T2 60 min after the initiation of surgery, T3 at the end of surgery