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Table 2 Association of PACU-OpResc with primary and secondary endpoints

From: Evaluation of early postoperative intravenous opioid rescue as a novel quality measure in patients who receive thoracic epidural analgesia: a retrospective cohort analysis and prospective performance improvement intervention

Outcomes

No PACU-OpResc

(n = 743)

PACU-OpResc

(n = 211)

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysis

OR/IRR (95% CI)

p-value

OR/IRR (95% CI)

p-value

Primary Outcome

 PACU length of stay, min

269 (194, 381)

286 (221, 427)

1.21 (1.08, 1.35)

0.001

1.20 (1.07, 1.34)

0.001

Secondary Outcomes

 PACU discharge delay

  Any reason, n (%)

283 (38.09%)

128 (60.66%)

2.51 (1.83, 3.43)

<  0.001

2.57 (1.83, 3.60)

<  0.001

  Pain, n (%)

90 (12.11%)

87 (41.23%)

5.09 (3.58, 7.24)

<  0.001

5.15 (3.51, 7.57)

<  0.001

  Cardiovascular, n (%)

125 (16.82%)

42 (19.91%)

1.23 (0.83, 1.81)

0.299

1.34 (0.88, 2.04)

0.175

  PONV, n (%)

5 (0.67%)

3 (1.42%)

2.13 (0.50, 8.98)

0.304

1.76 (0.34, 8.96)

0.498

  Sedation/Respiratory, n (%)

65 (8.75%)

22 (10.43%)

1.21 (0.73, 2.02)

0.455

1.01 (0.57, 1.80)

0.978

  Voiding, n (%)

51 (6.86%)

23 (10.90%)

1.66 (0.99, 2.79)

0.055

1.63 (0.93, 2.85)

0.085

 Hypotension MAP < 65 mmHg

  Frequency, n (%)

710 (95.56%)

201 (95.26%)

0.93 (0.45, 1.93)

0.854

1.04 (0.47, 2.31)

0.924

  Duration, min

16 (6, 32)

14 (6, 28)

0.84 (0.71, 1.00)

0.048

0.96 (0.82, 1.12)

0.587

 Hypotension MAP < 55 mmHg

  Frequency, n (%)

485 (65.28%)

128 (60.66%)

0.82 (0.60, 1.12)

0.218

0.90 (0.64, 1.26)

0.531

  Duration, min

2 (0, 5)

1 (0, 5)

0.85 (0.66, 1.08)

0.184

0.94 (0.74, 1.21)

0.651

  1. Data are expressed as frequency (prevalence in %) or median (interquartile range (25th–75th percentile), values separated by comma). Statistical analyses were performed using negative binomial regression (PACU length of stay, duration of hypotension) or multivariable logistic regression (all other analyses). Odds ratios (OR) are reported for logistic regression analyses, incidence rate ratios (IRR) for negative binomial regression analyses
  2. MAP Mean Arterial Pressure; PACU Post Anesthesia Care Unit; PACU-OpResc intravenous opioid rescue analgesia in the postanesthesia care unit; PONV Post-Operative Nausea and vomiting