Table 3 Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM-CAM) questionnaire administered to participants

Family Confusion Assessment Method

1. I’d like you to think about the past [day]. During this [day], have you noticed any changes in his/her thinking or concentration, such as being less attentive, appearing confused or disoriented (not knowing where he/she was), behaving inappropriately, or being extremely sleepy all day?

2. Did he/she have difficulty focusing attention, for example, being easily distracted or having trouble keeping track of what you were saying at any time

3. Was his/her speech disorganized, incoherent, rambling, unclear, or illogical at any time?

4. Did he/she seem excessively drowsy or sleepy during the daytime at any time?

5. Was he/she disoriented, for example, thinking he/she was somewhere other than where he/she was, or misjudging the time of day at any time?

6. Did he/she seem to see or hear things which weren’t actually present, or seem to mistake what he/she saw or heard for something else at any time?

7. Did he/she behave inappropriately, such as wandering, yelling out or being combative or agitated at any time?

8. Please tell us more about the changes you noticed in any of the behaviours in #1–7

9. Were any of the changes present all the time, or did they come and go from day to day?

10. When did these changes first begin?

11. Overall, have these changes been getting better, worse, or staying the same?