Fig. 5

Peritubular vascular endothelial cell VEGFR-2 expression in 12 mmHg and 8 mmHg pneumoperitoneum pressure groups. a Negative control. b Strong peritubular capillary and artery VEGFR-2 expression in the 12 mmHg group. c Peritubular capillary and artery VEGFR-2 expression is stronger in the 12 mmHg group than in the 8 mmHg group. Original magnification was × 400, and red dashed boxes show a higher magnification. Red arrows indicate positive VEGFR-2 expression in the peritubular capillary endothelium, and yellow arrows indicate positive VEGFR-2 expression in the peritubular artery endothelium. d VEGFR-2 peritubular capillary expression score is significantly higher in the 12 mmHg group than 8 mmHg group (76.27 (66.53–86.02) vs 54.55 (48.56–60.53), p < 0.001). e Artery VEGFR-2 expression score is not significantly different between groups (93.27 (91.69–94.60) vs 83.27 (76.60–89.95), p = 0.2). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for trends or Mann-Whitney test; * p < 0.001, ** p < 0.05