Predictors of 1-year mortality in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation after surgery in intensive care unit: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Risk factors in association with 1-year survival (univariate Cox Proportional Hazard analyses)

Risk factors	N	HR (95% CI) ^a	P value
Baseline characteristics
Age (y)
< 50	20	1.000
50–64	25	1.06 (0.51–2.19)	0.89
≥ 65	79	1.48 (0.81–2.69)	0.20
Male sex	90	1.05 (0.66–1.66)	0.85
Stroke	16	1.09 (0.60–1.95)	0.78
Smoking ^b	31	1.18 (0.73–1.90)	0.51
Hypertension	66	1.09 (0.72–1.64)	0.69
Coronary heart disease	27	0.87 (0.54–1.40)	0.56
NYHA functional classification
I + II	97	1.000
III + IV	27	1.01 (0.62–1.66)	0.97
Diabetes	24	1.13 (0.89–1.44)	0.33
Cancer diagnosis	44	1.20 (0.98–1.48)	0.08
Location of surgery
Others ^c	39	1.000
Intra-thoracic/abdominal	85	1.73 (1.08–2.78)	0.02
SOFA score on ICU admission	124	1.09 (1.01–1.16)	0.02
APACHE II score on ICU admission	124	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.037
Situation on the 21st day of MV
No tracheostomy	31	2.67 (1.70–4.17)	< 0.001
Consciousness (GCS = 15)	74	0.79 (0.52–1.20)	0.27
MDR/XDR bacterial infection	63	1.53 (1.02–2.32)	0.042
Intolerance of enteral nutrition ^d	43	1.90 (1.25–2.90)	< 0.01
Platelet ≤150 × 10⁹/L	49	1.97 (1.30–2.97)	< 0.01
On vasopressors	41	1.70 (1.11–2.61)	0.02
On renal replacement therapy	24	1.59 (0.97–2.61)	0.068

HR, hazard ratio. CI, confidence interval. NYHA, the New York Heart Association. ICU, intensive care unit. SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health enquiry. MV, mechanical ventilation. GCS, Glasgow coma scale. MDR, multi-drug-resistant. XDR, Extensively drug-resistant
^aFactors with number of events > 10 were included. ^b Smoking of more than 10 cigarettes per day for more than 1 year, including current or previous smokers. ^c Included neurosurgery, thyroid surgery, and orthopedic surgery. ^d Included total parenteral and combined enteral-parenteral nutrition

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