The effect of brief pre-anesthetic exercise therapy of jaw and neck joints on mouth opening, neck extension, and intubation conditions during induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Mouth aperture size, SMD, and Mallampati score

	Control (n = 68)		Exercise (n = 70)		P₁^a	P₂^b	Estimated difference^b (95% CI)	P₃^c	Odds ratio^c(95% CI)	P₄^d	Estimated difference^d (95% CI)
	Before	After	Before	After	P₁^a	P₂^b	Estimated difference^b (95% CI)	P₃^c	Odds ratio^c(95% CI)	P₄^d	Estimated difference^d (95% CI)
Mouth aperture size (mm)	49.3 ± 6.4	49.0 ± 7.5	48.9 ± 5.0	51.3 ± 6.4	0.675	0.042	−2.4(−4.8 to − 0.1)			< 0.001	−2.5(−3.7 to −1.2)
SMD (mm)	183.6 ± 16.0	183.6 ± 16.0	181.8 ± 16.0	187.3 ± 15.8	0.505	0.175	−3.7(− 9.0 to 1.7)			< 0.001	−5.5(− 6.4 to − 4.6)
Mallampati score (I/II/III/IV)	18/22/14/14	18/23/14/13	21/19/8/22	30/19/15/6	0.647	0.039		0.043	2.1 (1.0 to 4.3)

Continuous values are shown as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers
SMD Sternomental distance
^aComparisons of baseline (before the intervention) mouth aperture, SMD, and Mallampati score between the two groups using Student’s t-test (mouth aperture and SMD) and linear-by-linear association (Mallampati score)
^bComparisons of mouth aperture, SMD, and Mallampati score after the intervention, between the two groups using Student’s t-test (mouth aperture and SMD) and linear-by-linear association (Mallampati score)
^cComparison of the incidence of Mallampati score 1 after intervention between the two groups using chi-square test
^dComparisons of mouth aperture and SMD between before and after the intervention within the exercise group using paired t-test

ISSN: 1471-2253