Landmark-guided versus modified ultrasound-assisted Paramedian techniques in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients with hip fractures: a randomized controlled trial

Table 6 Subgroup analysis for patients with scoliosis

	Landmark- guided group n = 6	Ultrasound- assisted group n = 6	P value	95% CI of differences (%)
First pass success, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	5 (83.3%)	0.015^a	(71.7, 94.9)
Number of attempts	2 [1 to 5]	1 [1 to 1]	0.022
Number of passes	3.5 [2.75 to 12.5]	1 [1 to 1.75]	0.016
Locating time(s)	40.0 [33.75 to 45.75]	405.0 [256.75 to 466.25]	0.004
Puncture Time(s)	535.33 ± 185.24	272.50 ± 206.80	0.043
Total time(s)	576.33 ± 180.21	641.17 ± 298.78	0.659
Satisfaction; 4–5	2 (33.3%)	6 (100.0%)	0.061^a	(52.1, 81.3)

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