Table 5 Procedural adverse reactions and postoperative complications
|  | Landmark group (n = 40) | Ultrasound group (n = 40) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Radicular pain | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (5.0%) | 1 |
Bloody tap | 3 (7.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0.615 |
Unintentional dural puncture | 2 (5.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 |
Backache | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
Post-dural puncture headache | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
Paresthesia | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
Alternative technique | 2 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.494 |
Conversion to general anesthesia | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |