Table 3 Network meta-analysis: Estimates of direct effect, indirect effect and mixed effect with quality ratings according to GRADE approach, for the incidence of shivering in women undergoing caesarean delivery with intrathecal lipophilic opioids

^eMeperidine vs. Control

0.17 (0.09–0.31)

Moderate

0.05 (0.00–3.16)

Moderate

0.12 (0.05–0.29)

Moderate^a

^eFentanyl vs. Control

0.16 (0.07–0.35)

Low

0.41 (0.01–16.17)

Low

0.13 (0.04–0.35)

Low^ba

Meperidine vs. Suphentanil

–

–

0.40 (0.14–1.13)

Low

–

Low^c

Fentanyl vs. Suphentanil

–

–

0.41 (0.13–1.27)

Low

–

Low^ac

Suphentanil vs. Control

0.42 (0.18–0.98)

Low

–

–

Low^d

Fentanyl vs. Meperidine

1.71 (0.25–11.73)

Low

0.87 (0.30–2.50)

Low

1.02 (0.40–2.57)

Low^ac