Table 3 Main results. Endothelial Glycocalyx (EG), NIRS-derived (NIRS) and FMD-derived (FMD) variables, before surgery (T0), 1–3 h after arrival in PACU (T1) and 24 h after surgery (T2); data as Mean ± SD; analysis by 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer multi comparison test
| Â | Â | PLACEBO GROUP | LIDOCAINE GROUP | P value for difference between groups | P value for difference between times | P value for interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |||||
EG | Syndecan (pg/ml) | 2896 ± 2558 | 3452 ± 2656*** | 3999 ± 3453**$ | 2115 ± 2007 | 2770 ± 2898** | 3169 ± 2906*** $ | 0.179 | <0.001 | 0.454 |
NIRS | StO2 - Baseline (%) | 69.2 ± 3.1 | 70.7 ± 7.5 | 66.4 ± 5.1** | 68.1 ± 5.8 | 70.1 ± 4.9 | 68.0 ± 5.0** | 0.939 | 0.046 | 0.374 |
StO2 - Ischemic slope (%/sec) | −0.165 ± 0.049 | −0.147 ± 0.063* | −0.141 ± 0.041 | −0.163 ± 0.042 | − 0.145 ± 0.050* | −0.156 ± 0.038 | 0.551 | 0.021 | 0.464 | |
StO2 - Reperfusion slope (%/sec) | 1.990 ± 0.449 | 1.672 ± 0.585 | 1.843 ± 0.525 | 2.030 ± 0.318 | 1.868 ± 0.397 | 1.986 ± 0.478 | 0.189 | 0.390 | 0.579 | |
FMD | Baseline vascular diameter before occlusion (mm) | 4.049 ± 0.684 | 4.367 ± 0.692 | 4.276 ± 0.605 | 4.223 ± 0.808 | 4.428 ± 0.744 | 4.610 ± 0.719 | 0.528 | 0.002 | 0.803 |
Post-ischaemic diameter increase: FMDmax (%) | 6.1 ± 3.9 | 3.6 ± 3.7 | 3.8 ± 4.7 | 6.9 ± 5.8 | 4.9 ± 6.7 | 6.6 ± 6.7 | 0.240 | 0.382 | 0.123 | |
AUCShearRate until FMDmax (arbitrary units) | 21,512.6 ± 11,143.0 | 21,140.7 ± 13,084.5 | 16,527.8 ± 8734.7 | 16,270.9 ± 8397.2 | 18,588.7 ± 11,874.1 | 16,473.5 ± 8865.4 | 0.719 | 0.226 | 0.377 | |