Dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction:a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline Patient Demographic and Preoperative Characteristics

Characteristic	Dexmedetomidine group (n = 80)	Placebo group (n = 80)	P value
Age, median (IQR), year	59 (55, 65)	62 (56, 67)	0.123
Sex, No. (%)
Male	51 (63.8)	53 (66.3)	0.740
Female	29 (36.3)	27 (33.8)
Hight, median (IQR), cm	168.0 (160.0, 171.5)	166.00 (160.0, 172.0)	0.832
Weight, median (IQR), kg	60.50(55.0, 69.5)	62.00 (57.5, 71.0)	0.284
BMI, median (IQR) ^a	22.59 (20.36, 24.16)	22.90 (21.03, 25.10)	0.283
ARISCAT score ^b
Intermediate risk, No. (%)	77 (96.3)	79 (98.8)	0.311
High risk, No. (%)	3 (3.8)	1 (1.3)
Mean (SD)	28.36 (4.82)	28.32 (4.81)
ASA physical status classification, No. (%) ^c
1	16 (20.0)	17 (21.3)	0.216
2	61 (76.3)	63(78.7)
3	3 (3.8)	0 (0)
NYHA heart failure class, No. (%) ^d
I	47 (58.8)	51 (63.7)	0.516
II	33 (41.2)	29 (36.2)
Tobacco use, No. (%)	31 (38.8)	29 (36.2)	0.744
Alcohol use, No. (%) ^e	25 (31.3)	21 (26.3)	0.485
Preoperative SpO₂, No. (%)
≥ 96	67 (83.8)	68 (85.0)	0.975
91–95	12 (15.0)	11 (13.8)
≤ 90	1 (1.3)	1 (1.3)
Preoperative anemia (Hb ≤ 10 g/dl), No. (%)	9 (11.3)	5 (6.3)	0.263
Mean (SD), g/dl	13.54 (2.03)	13.72 (1.92)
Comorbidity
Arterial hypertension, No. (%)	27 (33.8)	24 (30.0)	0.611
Diabetes, No. (%)	9 (11.3)	12 (15.0)	0.483
Coronary artery disease, No. (%)	8 (10.0)	4 (5.0)	0.230
Arrhythmia, No. (%)	6 (7.5)	6 (7.5)	1.000
COPD, No. (%)	1 (1.3)	4 (5.0)	0.173
Asthma, No. (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.3)	0.316
Preoperative abnormalities on chest radiography, No. (%)	4 (5.0)	8 (10.0)	0.230
Active cancer, No. (%)	69 (86.3)	70 (87.5)	0.815

Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range, BMI Body mass index, ARISCAT Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia, ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, NYHA New York Heart Association, SpO₂ Oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, Hb Hemoglobin, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
^a Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
^b Score range is from 0 to 123; higher scores indicate a higher risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Patients with scores of 26 to 44 are considered at intermediate risk; those with scores more than 44 are considered at high risk
^c Score range is from 1 to 6 and includes a classification for normal health as 1; mild systemic disease, 2; severe systemic disease, 3; severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life,4. patients with scores of 5 or 6 were excluded
^d Score range is from I to IV; higher scores indicate a higher extent of heart failure. Patients without limitation of their ordinary physical activity are classified NYHA class I; those with slight limitation of their activity are classified as NYHA class II. Patients with scores of III or IV were excluded
^e Defined as more than 2 drinks per day during the past 2 weeks

ISSN: 1471-2253