Table 2 Perioperative clinical outcomes
Parameters | Control (n = 23) | Dexmedetomidine (n = 23) | Pa value |
|---|---|---|---|
Stress hormone level at baseline (T1) | |||
Norepinephrine (pg/mL) | 153.3 [125–183.6] | 172.3 [142.8–195.2] | 0.249 |
Epinephrine (pg/mL) | 10 [10–21.7] | 10.6 [10–25.6] | 0.395 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 102 [93–119] | 97 [84–108] | 0.124 |
Stress hormone level at the end of infusion (T2) | |||
Norepinephrine (pg/mL) | 102.5 [78.9–143.8] | 52.2 [41.2–71.6] | < 0.001 |
Epinephrine (pg/mL) | 35.9 [24.9–43.3] | 43.9 [36.1–83.1] | 0.066 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 128 [112–140] | 147 [125–161] | 0.030 |
Propofol dose (mg/kg/h) | 7.0 [6.3–7.7] | 6.8 [6.3–7.2] | 0.668 |
Remifentanil dose (mcg/kg/h) | 4.4 [3.4–5.4] | 4.5 [3.6–6.3] | 0.267 |
Lowest BIS value during maintenance | 40 [40–41] | 40 [36–40] | 0.088 |
Highest BIS value during maintenance | 50 [47–53] | 48 [44–52] | 0.136 |
Intraoperative hypotension, n | 6 (26.1%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.530 |
Intraoperative bradycardia, n | 1 (4.3%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.010 |
Postoperative nausea or vomiting at PACU, n | 4 (17.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.346 |
Pain score at PACU (NRS, 0–10) | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–2] | 0.188 |
Number of patients requiring rescue analgesics at PACU, n | 7 (30.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.047 |
GCS score at PACU | 15 [15–15] | 15 [15–15] | > 0.999 |
Duration of recovery at PACU (minutes) | 60 ± 10 | 64 ± 9 | 0.308 |