Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics, according to time on mechanical ventilation
Baseline characteristics | Less than 24 h N = 218 | 24–48 h N = 49 | More than 48 h N = 15 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63 ± 9 | 62 ± 8 | 64 ± 9 | 0.844 |
Weight, kg | 76 ± 14 | 77 ± 13 | 72 ± 9 | 0.577 |
Male gender, % | 72.5 | 81.6 | 80 | 0.364 |
Diabetes, % | 52.3 | 61.2 | 46.7 | 0.453 |
Ejection fraction, % | 55.9 ± 11.4 | 52.7 ± 15.2 | 56.5 ± 11.6 | 0.307 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 69.2 ± 18.6 † | 63.8 ± 19.8 † | 44.2 ± 14.8* | 0.0001 |
Serum creatinine at admission, mg/dl | 1.13 ± 0.4 † | 1.26 ± 0.5 † | 1.69 ± 0.8* | 0.0001 |
Patients, from each group % | 0.0001 | |||
Control (N = 167) | 83.8 | 15.6 | 0.6 | |
CKD3–4 (N = 84) | 67.9 | 21.4 | 10.7 | |
Dialysis (N = 31) | 67.7 | 16.1 | 16.1 | |
Surgery and ICU conditions | ||||
ACC time, min | 69.1 ± 28.9 | 72.6 ± 26.0 | 69.6 ± 20.1 | 0.758 |
CPB time, min | 92.1 ± 35.9 | 93.2 ± 30.3 | 95.5 ± 14.7 | 0.932 |
Surgery time, min | 383 ± 97 | 377 ± 115 | 433 ± 173 | 0.173 |
Diuresis IPO, ml/kg/h | 0.73 ± 0.35 | 0.70 ± 0.38 | 0.57 ± 0.63 | 0.274 |
Diuresis 1st day after surgery, ml/kg/h | 1.18 ± 0.46 | 1.18 ± 0.49 | 0.83 ± 0.77* | 0.035 |
Intra-aortic balloon pump, % | 4.2 | 7.1 | 0 | 0.248 |
Fluid balance 24 h after surgery, L | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 0.749 |
Anesthesia time, min | 412 ± 86 † | 417 ± 98 † | 482 ± 164* | 0.021 |
Ventilation time, hours | 8 (6, 10) † | 16 (14, 19)*† | 62 (42, 160)* | 0.0001 |
SOFA on the ICU admission | 0 (0, 1) † | 1 (0, 1.22) † | 3 (1, 4)* | 0.0001 |
SOFA without renal component | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.326 |
SOFA by organ | ||||
Renal | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) † | 1 (1, 4)* | 0.0001 |
Hematologic | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.106 |
Neurologic | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1 |
Respiratory | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.630 |
Hepatic | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.863 |
Cardiovascular | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.092 |
Dobutamine dose 24 h after surgery, ml/kg/min | 7.5 ± 5.0 † | 9.9 ± 5.5*† | 12.4 ± 6.0* | 0.0001 |
Noradrenaline dose 24 h after surgery ml/kg/h | 0.16 ± 0.14 † | 0.27 ± 0.19*† | 0.56 ± 0.13* | 0.0001 |
Volume intake in 5 days, L | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 0.725 |
Cumulative fluid balance in 5 days, L | −1.3 (−2.4, −0.3) | −1.6 (−2.6, 0.3) | 0.39 (−2.7, 3.7) | 0.109 |
Σ Fluid balance, L | 1.2 (−0.4, 2.4) | 1.0 (−1.2, 2.3) | 1.8 (0.9, 7.8) | 0.208 |
Fluid overload/body weight, % | −1.9 (−3.0, −0.5) | −1.8 (−3.5, 0.5) | 0.6 (−3.4, 5.6) | 0.109 |
Hospitalization time, days | 14 (10, 20) | 16 (12, 29)* † | 23 (17, 43)* | 0.001 |
ICU stay, days | 3 (2, 5) † | 5 (3, 7)* † | 8 (5, 27)* | 0.0001 |