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Fig. 2 | BMC Anesthesiology

Fig. 2

From: Cytotoxicity of amide-linked local anesthetics on melanoma cells via inhibition of Ras and RhoA signaling independent of sodium channel blockade

Fig. 2

The combinatory effects of local anesthetics with vemurafenib and dacarbazine on melanoma cell migration, growth and survival. Ropivacaine and lidocaine but not bupivacaine significantly further enhanced the anti-migratory (a), anti-proliferative (b) and pro-apoptotic (c) effects of vemurafenib and dacarbazine. Vemurafenib at 1 μM and dacarbazine at 50 μM were used for the combination studies. Ropivacaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine at 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 1 mM were used for migration, proliferation and apoptosis assays, respectively. The data were derived from three independent experiments and presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, compared to vemurafenib; #p < 0.05, compared to dacarbazine

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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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