Fig. 1

The inhibitory effects of local anesthetics on melanoma cell migration, growth and survival. (a) Representative images of melanoma cell migration in the absence and presence of 1 mM ropivacaine, lidocaine or bupivacaine. (b) Quantification of five random fields per sample using NIH ImageJ software shows the anti-migratory effects of ropivacaine and lidocaine but not bupivacaine in A375 and A431 cells. The differential effects of three local anesthetics at concentration range from 0.25 to 2 mM on melanoma cell proliferation (c) and survival (d). Annexin V-positive cells were considered as apoptotic cells. The data were derived from three independent experiments and presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, compared to control