Table 4 Summary of findings with GRADE recommendations
ketamine for postoperative shivering | ||||||
Patient or population: patients with postoperative shivering | ||||||
Settings: hospitals | ||||||
Intervention: ketamine | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risksa (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Control | Ketamine | |||||
Incidence of shivering | Study population | OR 0.13 (0.06 to 0.26) | 1166 (13 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝⊝ low1 | ||
468 per 1000 | 103 per 1000 (50 to 186) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
500 per 1000 | 115 per 1000 (57 to 206) | |||||
Nausea and vomitting | Study population | OR 0.7 (0.44 to 1.12) | 986 (11 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝⊝ low1 | ||
123 per 1000 | 89 per 1000 (58 to 136) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
125 per 1000 | 91 per 1000 (59 to 138) | |||||
Hypotension | Study population | OR 0.3 (0.18 to 0.49) | 573 (7 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1 | ||
225 per 1000 | 80 per 1000 (50 to 125) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
200 per 1000 | 70 per 1000 (43 to 109) | |||||
Bradycardia | Study population | OR 0.14 (0.04 to 0.52) | 193 (2 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1 | ||
136 per 1000 | 22 per 1000 (6 to 76) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
165 per 1000 | 27 per 1000 (8 to 93) | |||||
Hallucination | Study population | OR 4.41 (1.14 to 17.07) | 423 (5 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1 | ||
0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||