Table 1 Emergency treatment for adverse events

Laryngospasm

Immediately remove the fiberoptic bronchoscope

Continuous positive airway pressure at 10cmH₂O

2 mg·kg^− 1 Propofol iv.

1 mg·kg^− 1 Suxamethonium iv.

Bronchospasm

10μg Adrenaline iv.

Body movement

2 mg·kg⁻¹ Propofol and 1 μg·kg^− 1 remifentanil iv.

Coughing

2 mg·kg^− 1 Propofol and 1 μg·kg^− 1 remifentanil iv.

Breath-holding

Manual positive-pressure ventilation

Oxygen desaturation

Increase inhaled oxygen concentration

Manual positive-pressure ventilation

Carbon dioxide retention

Mechanical ventilation