Epidural analgesia and avoidance of blood transfusion are associated with reduced mortality in patients with postoperative pulmonary complications following thoracotomic esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study of 335 patients

Table 4 Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of patient-specific and procedural risk factors with respect to PPCs

	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Patient-specific risk factors
ASA ≥ 3	1.7 (1.1–2.6)	0.025
Procedural risk factors
PRBC	1.9 (1.2–3)	0.009
TEA	2.0 (1.01–3.8)	0.046

ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, PRBC Packed red blood cell, TEA Thoracic epidural anesthesia

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