Table 2 Operative characteristics of the population

 Valvular surgery

20 (34)

22 (38)

0.806

 Coronary artery bypass graft

11 (22)

9 (19)

0.845

 Combined

21 (38)

21 (38)

1

 Ascending aorta

1 (2)

1 (2)

1

 LVAD

2 (4)

2 (4)

1

Sternotomy/thoracotomy

40/15

39/16

1

Urgent, n (%)

13 (23)

10 (18)

0.641

Anaesthesia time (min)

303 (268–360)

308 (288–360)

0.409

Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)

118 (102–148)

119 (101–149)

0.505

Aortic cross clamp time (min)

84 (66–119)

94 (72–114)

0.383

 mg

1351 (922–1840)

1145 (740–1634)

0.008

 mg kg⁻¹

17.5 (13.4–22.6)

15.5 (10.9–18.5)

0.045

 Gamma

0

89 (75–120)

0.0001

 Gamma kg⁻¹

0

1.12 (0.93–1.56)

0.062

 Urapidil

28 (50)

12 (22)

0.003

 Median dose (mg)

15 (10–20)

10 (5–15)

0.713`

 Nicardipin

6 (11)

10 (18)

0.419

 Median dose (mg)

1.5 (1–2)

1 (0.5–2.5)

0.157

 Ephedrine

28 (51)

40 (73)

0.032

 Median dose (mg)

15 (9–28)

26 (15–30)

0.130

 Phenylephrine

36 (67)

31 (56)

0.588

 Median dose (mg)

0.275 (0.15–0.5)

0.35 (0.2–0.55)

0.272

 Norepinephrine

40 (73)

30 (55)

0.076

 Median cumulated dose (mg)

1.24 (0.35–2.4)

1.34 (0.41–2.46)

0.092

Esmolol, n (%)

11 (20)

1 (2)

0.006

Median dose (mg)

30 (10–46)

73 (73–73)

Dobutamine, n (%)

7 (13)

8 (15)

1

 Cumulated in ml

1250 (1000–1500)

1500 (1000–2000)

0.060

 Cumulated in ml kg⁻¹

15.2 (10.7–21.4)

21.4 (12.5–27.7)

0.015

Transfusion, n (%)

13 (24)

13 (24)

1