Table 1 Univariate associations between clinical variables and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
Clinical Variables | No AKI (n = 96) | AKI (n = 20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre-procedure Clinical Characteristics | |||
 Age (years) | 81 ± 8 | 83 ± 6 | 0.28 |
 Female gender | 40 (41.7%) | 12 (60.0%) | 0.13 |
 Ethnicity |  |  | 0.76 |
  African American | 7 (7.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
  White | 72 (75.0%) | 14 (70.0%) | |
  Hispanic | 11 (11.5%) | 4 (20.0%) | |
  Other | 6 (6.2%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
 Diabetes | 33 (34.4%) | 5 (25.0%) | 0.42 |
 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 25 (26.0%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.15 |
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 61 ± 20 | 52 ± 26 | 0.10 |
 Serum creatinine (mg/dL; median and IQR) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.32) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.65) | 0.16 |
 Anemia | 49 (51.0%) | 15 (75%) | 0.05 |
 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) (n = 115) | 54 ± 12 | 57 ± 14 | 0.34 |
 EuroSCORE II (%) (n = 115) | 6.34 ± 5.67 | 7.97 ± 6.81 | 0.26 |
Pre-procedure Medications | |||
 ACE-inhibitor | 40 (41.7%) | 8 (40.0%) | 0.89 |
 Angiotensin receptor blocker | 8 (8.3%) | 3 (15.0%) | 0.40 |
 Loop diuretic | 61 (63.5%) | 11 (55.0%) | 0.47 |
 Beta blocker | 53 (55.2%) | 14 (70.0%) | 0.22 |
 Statin | 74 (77.1%) | 12 (60.0%) | 0.11 |
 Aspirin | 62 (64.6%) | 16 (80.0%) | 0.18 |
Procedural Characteristics, Intra- and Post-procedure Events | |||
 TAVR approach |  |  | 0.61 |
  Transfemoral | 73 (76.0%) | 15 (75.0%) | |
  Transapical | 13 (13.5%) | 4 (20.0%) | |
  Other | 10 (10.5%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
 Contrast volume (mL) (n = 115) | 103 ± 48 | 108 ± 54 | 0.70 |
 Medtronic device (other device Edwards) | 32 (33.3%) | 5 (25.0%) | 0.47 |
 Generation of devicea |  |  | 0.15 |
  1st generation | 26 (27.1%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
  2nd generation | 44 (45.8%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
  3rd generation | 26 (27.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
 Rapid pacing | 72 (75.0%) | 18 (90.0%) | 0.14 |
 General endotracheal anesthesia | 92 (95.8%) | 20 (100.0%) | 0.99 |
 Maximum concurrent number of intra-procedure inotropes/vasopressors | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.79 |
 Occurrence of at least one intra-procedural hypotensive episode; MAP< 60 mmHg for ≥5 mins (n = 114) | 39 (41.1) | 8 (42.1) | 0.93 |
 Total duration of all intra-procedural hypotensive episodes lasting ≥5 mins (mins) (n = 114) | 8.7 ± 17.6 | 12.2 ± 20.5 | 0.45 |
 TAVR procedure duration from initial vascular access (skin puncture) to dressing (mins; median and IQR) (n = 111) | 115 (97, 144) | 133 (105, 180) | 0.13 |
 Nadir hemoglobin during procedure and first 24 h post-procedure (g/dL) | 9.8 ± 1.7 | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 0.02 |
 Total units of pRBC transfusedb | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 0.03 |
 Any pRBC transfusedb | 20 (20.8%) | 11 (55.0%) | 0.002 |
 Any blood product (pRBC, FFP, platelets, cryoprecipitate) transfusedb | 21 (21.9%) | 11 (55.0%) | 0.003 |
 Maximum number of concurrent inotropes/vasopressors administered during post-TAVR hospital stay (up to end of post-TAVR day 5) | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.03 |