Effects of intravenous infusion of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine on inhibiting cough during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery

Table 2 Incidence and grade of cough

Variables	LIDO group	DEX group	CON group	P value
Variables	(n = 60)	(n = 60)	(n = 60)	P value
Incidence of cough, n (%)	17 (28.3) ^*	19 (31.7) ^*	40 (66.7)	0.000
Grade 0	43 (71.7) ^*	41 (68.3) ^*	20 (33.3)	0.000
Grade 1	9 (15.0)	11 (18.3)	14 (23.3)	0.502
Grade 2	6 (10.0) ^**	5 (8.4) ^**	16 (26.7)	0.008
Grade 3	2 (3.3) ^**	3 (5.0) ^**	10 (16.7)	0.016

Categorical variables were expressed as numbers (proportions). LIDO group, iv. lidocaine; DEX group, iv. dexmedetomidine; CON group, iv. equal volume normal saline. The severity of cough was evaluated during the recovery period from the time of awareness to 5 min after extubation: 0 = no cough, 1 = minimal (single) cough, 2 = moderate (≤5 s) cough and 3 = severe (> 5 s) cough (bucking)
^*P = 0.000 vs the CON group; ^**P < 0.05 vs the CON group

ISSN: 1471-2253