Table 1 Baseline characteristics of delirious and non-delirious patients
Variables | Delirium (n=61) | No delirium (n=189) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||
 Age (years) | 72.7±11.4 | 61.4±16.8 | <0.001 |
  ≥ 60 | 55 (90.2%) | 114 (60.3%) | <0.001 |
 Gender |  |  |  |
  Male | 31 (50.8%) | 90 (47.6%) | 0.768 |
 Comorbidities |  |  |  |
  Hypertension | 50 (81.9%) | 105 (55.6%) | <0.001 |
  DM | 26 (42.6%) | 37 (19.6%) | 0.001 |
  Cardiac disease | 21 (34.4%) | 43 (22.8%) | 0.091 |
  Previous stroke | 15 (24.6%) | 18 (9.5%) | 0.004 |
  Modified IQCODE score ≥ 3.42 | 10 (16.39%) | 6 (3.2%) | 0.001 |
  ESRD or CKD stage 4−5 | 10 (16.4%) | 24 (12.7%) | 0.520 |
  Cirrhosis | 3 (4.9%) | 9 (4.8%) | 1.000 |
 Smoking history pack year | 41.9±27.1 | 24.4±21.6 | 0.155 |
  ≥ 30 pack year | 10 (16.4%) | 20 (10.6%) | 0.259 |
 Current alcohol consumption | 6 (9.8%) | 11 (5.8%) | 0.378 |
 Coma | 17 (27.9%) | 16 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
Intraoperative data | |||
 Emergency Surgery | 34 (55.74%) | 74 (39.2%) | 0.026 |
 Vascular surgery | 20 (32.8%) | 32 (16.9%) | 0.011 |
 Non-vascular surgery | |||
  Intra-abdominal | 23 (37.7%) | 65 (34.4%) | 0.646 |
  Orthopedic | 3 (4.9%) | 26 (13.8%) | 0.068 |
  Gynecological | 3 (4.9%) | 23 (12.2%) | 0.147 |
  Other | 12 (19.7%) | 43 (22.8%) | 0.723 |
 Operation time | 193.5±162.6 | 234.8±178.9 | 0.111 |
 Intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 250 (60−700) | 400 (100−1400) | 0.079 |
 Intraoperative PRC transfusion (mL) | 264 (0−663) | 0 (0−1023) | 0.865 |
 Hypoxia | 3 (4.9%) | 7 (3.7%) | 0.710 |
 Intraoperative hypotension | 50 (82.0%) | 146 (77.3%) | 0.480 |
ICU admission | |||
 Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 10.5±2.5 | 10.9±2.1 | 0.156 |
 Blood sugar at admission (mg/dL) | 155.6±42.1 | 152.2±46.3 | 0.611 |
 Serum albumin (mg/dL) | 2.7±0.6 | 2.8±0.7 | 0.168 |
 BUN/Cr ratio >20 | 22 (36.1%) | 48 (25.4%) | 0.139 |
 Sepsis | 24 (39.3%) | 37 (19.6%) | 0.003 |
 APACHE II score | 12.1±4.8 | 8.3±3.9 | <0.001 |
 SOFA score | 5.8±3.4 | 3.4±2.7 | <0.001 |
 Mechanical ventilation | 54 (88.5%) | 131 (69.2%) | 0.002 |
Medication | |||
 Preoperative-Benzodiazepine | 8 (13.1%) | 10 (5.3%) | 0.049 |
 Inraoperative-Benzodiazepine | 32 (53.3%) | 93 (47.7%) | 0.658 |
 Benzodiazepine (Pre and Postoperative) | 27 (44.3%) | 36 (19.1%) | <0.001 |
 Preoperative-Opioid | 5 (8.2%) | 18 (9.5%) | 1.000 |
 Intraoperative-Opioid | 58 (96.7%) | 176 (94.1%) | 0.740 |
 Opioid (Pre and Postoperative) | 59 (96.7%) | 184 (97.4%) | 1.000 |
 Postoperative-Propofol use | 20 (32.8) | 31 (16.4%) | 0.010 |