Effect of pre-warming on perioperative hypothermia during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate under spinal anesthesia: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Patients’ Baseline, Surgical, and Anesthetic Data

	Control	Pre-warming	Standardized difference^c
	(n = 25)	(n = 25)	Standardized difference^c
Age (y)	65 ± 7	66 ± 7	0.106
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.2 ± 2.2	25.3 ± 2.5	0.042
Sensory block level	T8 (T6–T8)	T6 (T6–T8)	0.146
Intrathecal bupivacaine (mg)	13 (13–13.5)	13 (13–13.5)	0.044
Duration of anesthesia (min)	95 (80–133)	100 (75–118)	0.112
Duration of operation (min)	60 (53–95)	65 (48–85)	0.171
Spinal time (min)^a	10 (10–10)	10 (8–10)	0.022
Clean up time (min)^b	19 (15–21.5)	20 (16–24)	0.151
Resected prostate (g)	40 (30–50)	40 (20–60)	0.007
Total irrigation fluid (L)	21 (18–33)	24 (1.5–3)	0.192
Total intravenous fluid (mL)	730 ± 157	742 ± 147	0.079
Preoperative core temperature (°C)	36.8 ± 0.1	36.7 ± 0.2	0.632

Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range)
^aSpinal time: The time from arrival in the operation room to immediately after the induction of spinal anesthesia
^bClean up time: The time from immediately after the induction of spinal anesthesia to the start of surgery
^cDifference in means or proportions divided by pooled SD
Variables with a standardized difference > 0.20 were considered unbalanced and adjusted for in subsequent analyses

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