Efficacy of continuous in-wound infusion of levobupivacaine and ketorolac for post-caesarean section analgesia: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Table 4 Pain-associated data across the four parturient groups

Parturient group	Time to first piritramide request [min (95% CI)]	Persistent post-operative pain (8 weeks; yes/no) [n (%)]	New skin sensation (8 weeks; yes/no) [n (%)]	Quality of analgesia (48 h; NRS 1–5)
Levobupivacaine	163 (120–250)	1 (7.1)	7 (46.7)	4 (4–5)
Ketorolac tromethamine	180 (160–465)	1 (7.1)	5 (35.7)	4 (4–5)
Combination	295 (125–475)	0 (0)	1 (7.1) ^a	5 (5–5) ^a
Saline placebo	160 (120–185)	0 (0)	9 (60.0) ^a	4 (4–5) ^a
p-value	ns	**	0.026^a (combination vs. saline placebo)	0.005^a (combination vs. saline placebo)

CI confidence interval
^asignificant difference among groups calculated using ANOVA/ Kruskal Wallis tests, and between groups comparison post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction; ^**p value could not be calculated due to zero positive cases in some groups; ns, non-significant; NRS 1–5, numeric rating scale for quality of analgesia from 1 to 5; significant differences are marked with bold text

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