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Fig. 3 | BMC Anesthesiology

Fig. 3

From: Effect of topical ropivacaine on the response to endotracheal tube during emergence from general anesthesia: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled study

Fig. 3

Hemodynamic values. a: MAP; b: HR. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation Group R: the patients were recieved 6 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine for throat, glottic area and tracheal mucosa uniform spray; Group C: the patients were recieved with 6 ml of saline for throat, glottic area and tracheal mucosa uniform spray as control. HR = heart rate (beats/min); MAP = mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg); T0 = baseline (before anesthesia induction); T1 = before intubation; T2 = intubation immediately; T3 = 5 min after intubation; T4 = end of surgery; T5 = extubation immediately; T6 = 5 min after extubation. # P < 0.05 compared with group C. (MAP:T5#P = 0.001, MAP:T6#P = 0.002, HR:T2#P = 0.000, HR:T3#P = 0.023, HR:T5#P = 0.011, HR:T6#P = 0.004)

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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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