Evaluation of risk factors for a fulminant Clostridium difficile infection after cardiac surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Procedural details

Variable	All CDI patients n = 1256		Bland CDI n = 1103		Fulminant CDI n = 153		p-Value
Variable	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-Value
Length of surgery, min	194.8	91.6	191.3	89.4	220.7	103.3	< 0.001
CPB time, min	127.6	55.7	124.8	53.1	146.0	67.8	0.001
Cross-clamp time, min	82.9	34.7	81.3	33.5	94.4	40.5	< 0.001
Time of reperfusion, min	31.7	24.3	30.8	22.9	38.3	32.0	0.020
Time of circulatory arrest, min	34.3	22.5	33.8	23.9	36.1	17.3	0.808
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Emergency surgery	144	11.5	113	10.2	31	20.3	0.001
Length of surgery > 200 min	546	43.5	465	42.2	81	52.9	0.015
Cross-clamp time > 130 min	503	40.1	420	38.0	83	54.0	0.001
Surgery performed
Valve	550	43.8	485	44.0	65	42.5	0.728
CABG	244	19.4	212	19.2	32	20.9	0.619
Aortic	31	2.5	26	2.4	5	3.3	0.496
Others or combination	431	34.4	380	34.5	51	33.3	0.785
Any ablation for AF	170	13.5	152	13.8	18	11.8	0.614
Intra-operative any mechanical circulatory assist device	67	5.3	52	4.7	15	9.8	0.070
Minimally invasive surgery	424	33.8	389	35.3	35	22.9	0.009
CPB	950	75.6	826	74.9	124	81.0	0.071
Circulatory arrest	34	2.7	27	2.4	4	4.6	0.129

Abbreviations: AF Atrial fibrillation, CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting, CDI Clostridium difficile infection, CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass

ISSN: 1471-2253