Evaluation of risk factors for a fulminant Clostridium difficile infection after cardiac surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Patient characteristics

Variable	All CDI patients n = 1256		Bland CDI n = 1103		Fulminant CDI n = 153		p-Value
Variable	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-Value
Age, y	72.2	10.5	72.3	10.6	71.6	10.1	0.444
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %,	53.9	14.5	54.4	14.3	51.0	15.8	0.013
Creatinine, mg/dl	1.22	1.03	1.21	1.02	1.27	1.08	0.484
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Male	732	58.3	631	57.2	101	66.0	0.440
Age > 80 years	246	19.6	227	20.6	19	12.8	0.027
LVEF < 30%	112	8.9	90	8.2	22	14.4	0.015
Diabetes mellitus	468	37.3	396	35.9	72	47.1	0.009
Coronary heart disease	675	53.7	596	54.0	79	51.6	0.858
Prior acute myocardial infarction	313	24.9	272	24.7	41	26.8	0.551
Peripheral artery disease	355	28.3	319	28.9	36	23.5	0.180
Pre-operative dialysis	66	5.3	53	4.8	13	8.5	0.078
Hypertension	1053	83.8	930	84.3	123	80.4	0.241
PAP ≥60 mmHG	101	8.0	87	7.9	14	9.2	0.633
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	127	10.1	108	9.8	19	12.4	0.317
Hyperlipidemia	657	52.2	581	52.7	75	49	0.437
Nicotine abuse	352	28.0	317	28.7	35	22.9	0.150
Prior cardiac surgery	161	12.8	128	11.6	33	21.6	0.001
Prior malignant disease	78	6.2	69	6.3	9	5.9	1.000
Pre-operative neurological dysfunction	107	8.5	92	8.3	15	9.8	0.537
Pre-operative ventilation	21	1.7	12	1.1	9	5.9	< 0.001
Pre-operative any mechanical circulatory assist device	32	2.5	26	2.4	6	4.0	0.477
NYHA class
I	93	7.4	88	8.0	5	3.3
II	330	26.3	297	26.9	33	21.6
III	644	51.3	559	50.7	85	55.6
IV	189	15.0	159	14.4	30	19.6	0.036
≥ III	189	15.0	159	14.4	30	19.6	0.116
Body mass index ≥25.0 g/m²	830	66.1	725	65.8	105	68.6	0.478

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