Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics
Characteristics | DES (n = 35) | Control (n = 35) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 57.5 ± 10.3 | 56.2 ± 11.6 | 0.62 |
ASA II/III | 28/7 | 27/8 | 0.77 |
Gender (M/F) | 19/16 | 24/11 | 0.22 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.85 ± 2.55 | 22.68 ± 3.03 | 0.23 |
Surgical procedure | |||
stomach | 10 (28.6%) | 8 (22.9%) | 0.77 |
liver | 11 (31.4%) | 15 (42.8%) | 0.32 |
pancreas | 3 (8.6%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0.45 |
colorectum | 11 (31.4%) | 7 (20%) | 0.27 |
Anesthesia procedure | |||
warming | 35 (100%) | 16 (45.7%) | 0.0001 |
depth of anesthesia monitoring | 35 (100%) | 9 (20%) | 0.0001 |
both | 35 (100%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.0001 |
Agents during anesthesia | |||
desflurane | 35 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.001 |
TIVA | 0 (0%) | 9 (26%) | 0.001 |
sevoflurane | 0 (0%) | 10(28%) | 0.001 |
sevoflurane+propofol | 0 (0%) | 16 (46%) | 0.001 |
sufentanil, μg | 37.8 ± 7.1 | 38.8 ± 8.9 | 0.64 |
remifentanil, μg | 1399 ± 441 | 1466 ± 494 | 0.55 |
cisatracurium, mg | 23.7 ± 5.1 | 24.2 ± 6.0 | 0.71 |