Fig. 1

Nefopam downregulates capsaicin-induced LC3-II and phospho-JNK in M059 K cells. a Cells were pretreated with nefopam (50 μM) and continuously exposed capsaicin (250 μM) for 18 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted for indicated proteins. b M059 K cells were pretreated with SP600125 (10 μM) and continuously exposed capsaicin (250 μM) for 18 h. GAPDH was used as the loading control. c Cells were pretreated with nefopam (50 μM) and continuously exposed thapsigargin (Tg, 4 μg/ml) for 18 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted for indicated proteins. All immunoblot data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Bar graphs show densitometrical analysis for LC3-II and phospho-JNK-II. A two tailed t test was performed for comparisons between groups (n = 3). ^#p < 0.01, ^##p < 0.002, ^###p < 0.0002 **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005